Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка для студентов
The structural scheme of the sentence is a sentence structure minimal
жүктеу/скачать 0,5 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
лекция по грамматиае
| The structural scheme of the sentence is a sentence structure minimal
by its composition and simplest by grammatical and semantic structure. A construction built according to a structural scheme and realizing all of its components is called an elementary sentence. Prof. Pocheptsov lists some structural schemes for verbal sentences and examples of corresponding elementary sentences: Structural schemes Elementary sentences Subject – predicate expressed by a verb of non- directed action (Active Voice) Pages rustle. (S. Bedford) Subject – predicate expressed by a verb of non- prepositional-object directivity (Active Voice) – direct object Мо r was enjoying the port. (I. Murdoch) Subject – predicate expressed by a verb requiring two non-prepositional objects: object of addressee and object of patient (Active voice) – non-prepositional object of addressee – non-prepositional object of patient 'I've taught him that.' (J. Galsworthy) 92 Subject – predicate expressed by a verb of spatial directivity (Active Voice) – adverbial modifier of place The Judge is in the chair. (S. Bedford) Subject – predicate expressed by a verb of temporal directivity (Active Voice) – adverbial modifier of time That was long ago. (P. Abrahams) Subject – predicate expressed by a verb of non- prepositional object directivity (Passive Voice) They had been seized. (H.G. Wells) The set of structural schemes specific to every language is the initial basis for building actual sentences as facts of speech. One point that should be mentioned here is the status of passive sentences. The question is whether they should be included into the set of structural schemes as active sentences or whether they should be regarded as secondary constructions built on the basis of active sentences. As it has been shown by psycholinguistic experiments, passive sentences do not appear in actual speech as results of transforming active sentences. Besides that, there are some passive sentences that do not have corresponding active sentences (eg. I was born in France .). Therefore, a passive sentence is not a derivative of an active one but an independent syntactical phenomenon. The total number of structural schemes in a language is a few dozens of units. жүктеу/скачать 0,5 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|