Министерство науки и высшего образования республики казахстан
ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE
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XXI ҒАСЫРДАҒЫ ХИМИЯ ЖӘНЕ ХИМИЯЛЫҚ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯНЫҢ ЗАМАНАУИ ЖЕТІСТІКТЕРІ МЕН ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ-ХИМИЯ-2023-06-05 14 54 57pm
| ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE
QUALITY OF AUTOMOBILE FUEL. GASOLINE ZHAKUPOVA A. O. student, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar ZHAPARGAZINOVA K. H. c.c.s., professor, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar Gasoline, liquefied or compressed gas, as well as diesel fuel are used as automotive fuel in our time. And the state of the fuel system of the car depends on the quality of fuel materials [1]. For a long time, gasoline was obtained by rectification (distillation) and selection of oil fractions that boil away within certain temperature limits (up to 100 °C – gasoline of the 1st grade, up to 110 °C – special gasoline, up to 130 °C – gasoline of the 2nd grade) [4]. First of all, one should not confuse the quality and brand, determined by the octane number: gasoline of lower grades, for example, A-76, is not necessarily of lower quality than high-octane, it is simply designed for different working conditions. First of all, a lower compression ratio in the engine and lower engine operating speed due to a lower rate of complete evaporation and combustion. It is impossible to build a light and high-speed engine on low-octane fuel. Therefore, the old engines that ran on gasoline of the A-66 era, with the usual power of 100 hp for today, could have a volume of up to 5 liters, a maximum speed of 4–6 thousand and a mass of 250–350 kg (twice as much as the modern high-speed counterpart). There is also no reason to believe that A-76 is more harmful to the environment if it burns completely and under optimal conditions. But it is more difficult to provide these conditions for low-octane fuel - it contains fewer volatile components, and the pressure at the beginning of the cycle (compression) is lower for it. Injectors and, especially, carburetors produce a fuel suspension consisting of droplets of various sizes (the so-called aerosol) [2]. Most of these droplets do not have time to completely evaporate before the start of the working cycle, and during the cycle they no longer burn (and do not give energy to the engine), but are either released into the atmosphere unburned, or burn out already in the exhaust pipe at atmospheric pressure and with the formation of more harmful compounds. In order for them to evaporate efficiently and already in the form of a gas mix with the air in the cylinder (which ensures complete combustion of the fuel), various tricks are used. For example, gasoline spraying on a |