Математическая грамотность. Минск: рикз, 2020. 252 с
Design of the PISA 2021 Mathematics Items
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2-ex pisa
| Design of the PISA 2021 Mathematics Items
145. Three item format types are used to assess mathematical literacy in PISA 2021: open constructed-response, closed constructed-response and selected-response (multiple-choice) items. Open constructed-response items require a somewhat extended written response from a student. Such items also may ask the student to show the steps taken or to explain how the answer was reached. These items require trained experts to manually code student responses. To facilitate the adaptive assessment feature of the CBAM, it will be necessary to minimise the number of items that rely on trained experts to code the student responses. Closed constructed-response items provide a more structured setting for presenting problem solutions, and they produce a student response that can be easily judged to be either correct or incorrect. Often student responses to questions of this type can be coded automatically. The most frequently used closed constructed-responses are single numbers. Selected-response items require the choice of one or more responses from a number of response options. Responses to these questions can usually be automatically processed. 203 About equal numbers of each of these item format types are being used to construct the survey instruments. 146. The PISA mathematics survey is composed of assessment units comprising written stimulus material and other information such as tables, charts, graphs or diagrams, plus one or more items that are linked to this common stimulus material. This format gives students the opportunity to become involved with a context or problem by responding to a series of related items. 147. Items selected for inclusion in the PISA survey represent a broad range of difficulties, to match the wide ability range of students participating in the assessment. In addition, all the major categories of the assessment (the content categories; mathematical reasoning and problem solving process categories and the different context categories and 21st century skills) are represented, to the degree possible, with items of a wide range of difficulties. Item difficulties are established as one of a number of measurement properties in an extensive field trial prior to item selection for the main PISA survey. Items are selected for inclusion in the PISA survey instruments based on their fit with framework categories and their measurement properties. 148. In addition, the level of reading required to successfully engage with an item is considered very carefully in item development and selection. A goal in item development is to make the wording of items as simple and direct as possible. Care is also taken to avoid item contexts that would create a cultural bias, and all choices are checked with national teams. Translation of the items into many languages is conducted very carefully, with extensive back-translation and other protocols. 149. PISA 2021 will include a tool that will allow students to provide typed constructed-response answers and show their work as required for mathematical literacy. The tool allows students to enter both text and numbers. By clicking the appropriate button, students can enter a fraction, square root, or exponent. Additional symbols such as π and greater/less than signs are available, as are operators such as multiplication and division signs. An example is shown in Figure 3 below. жүктеу/скачать 7,1 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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