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and universal equivalents for a word. However, as you all
know practical translation dates back to ancient times and
since then translations are commonly regarded and used
as full-pledged substitutes of the relevant source texts.
That is why despite contradicting theoretical evidence
full equivalence is commonly accepted as a convenient
makeshift. For practical purpose full equivalence is
presumed when there is complete coincidence of pragmatic
meanings of the source and target language units.Partial
Translation Equivalents. To understand the partiality
and incompleteness of translation equivalence let us
consider the syntactic , semantic and pragmatic aspects
of equivalence, because the partiality of equivalence is ,
as a matter of fact , the absence of one or more of these
aspects. Let us start from examples. Книга as an equivalent
of the English word book is full in all equivalence aspects
because it has similar syntactic functions (those of a
Noun), its lexical meaning is also generally similar, and
the pragmatic aspect of this equivalent (the message
intent and target audience reaction) coincides with that of
the English word. Thus, книга is conventionally regarded
as a full equivalent of the word book. To take another
example of partial equivalence consider the English
saying Carry coal to Newcastle. If one translates it as
возить уголь в Ньюкасл it would lack the pragmatic
aspect of equivalence (The intent of this message Bring
something that is readily available locally would be lost,)
because the Russian audience could be unaware of the
fact that Newcastle is the center of a coal-mining area. If
, however , one translates it Ехать в Тулу со своим са-
моваром it would be lose the semantic similarity, but
preserve the pragmatic intent of the message, which, in
our opinion, is the first priority of translation. Anyway,
both suggested translation equivalents of this saying are
considered partial. Partial equivalence is, as a matter of
fact, the absence of one or more of equivalence aspects,
i.e. of syntactic, semantic or pragmatic aspect. It should
be born in mind, however, that syntactic equivalence of
translation units longer than several words, is a rare case,
indeed, if one deals with two languages having different
systems and structures (English and Russian are a good
example). Moreover, it is hardly a translator’s target to
preserve the structure of the source texts and in many
instances this means violation of syntactic and stylistic
rules of the target language. Semantic similarity between
the source and target texts desirable, but again it is not an
ultimate goal of a translator. More often than not slight
differences in meaning help to adapt the idea of the original
message to the target audience. What is really important
for translation adequacy is the pragmatic equivalence.
When the original message is lost for the target audience it
is a failure of the translation and translator and no semantic
or syntactic similarity will redress the damage. [3]
Source text: « Білем, сен қазір жұмыстасың. Мен
сияқты кімнің нешеге келгенін есептеп, бос қиялға
беріліп жатқан жоқсың. Бүгін сен жұмыстан шыққан
бойда тура балалар бақшасына барасың, Қайратты
әкелесің. Оған дейін мектептен Мұхит та кеп қалады.
» [13].
Translation: « I know, sweetheart, you are working now.
You have no time for vargat thoughts. In the evening as
usual, you’ll pick Kairat up from the kindergarten. Muhit,
too will return from his school. » [20]
Source text: «Кешегі өзің көргендей мәре-сәре
емеспін. Бүгін көңілім су сепкендей баслып қалған
сияқты. Неге дейсің ғой?» [13]
Translation: « Today I’m no longer the piteous wreck
that I was yesterday. Today I’m like a flower full of drew.
You may wonder why. Well, listen to this! » [20]
Thus, one may suggest that translation equivalence
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: