Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов
READING Exercise 10. Read the text, try to focus on its essential facts and choose the most
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- Mechanical engineer- ing
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Exercise 10. Read the text, try to focus on its essential facts and choose the most suitable heading given below for each paragraph. 1) Mechanical Engineering Developments 2) Mechanical Engineering as a Branch of Engineering 3) The Definition of Engineering 4) Branches of Engineering Engineering is “the creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific op- erating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation or safety to life and property. One who practices engineering is called an engi- neer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized subdisciplines, each with a more specif- ic emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology”. The American Engineers’ Council for Professional Development (ECPD), the predecessor of ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Tech- nology). Engineering has the following branches: chemical engineering (cover- ing areas from biotechnology and nanotechnology to mineral processing), electrical engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering. Beyond these four, historically, naval engineering and mining engineering claim on being major branches as well as aerospace, petroleum, biosystems, biomedi- cal, industrial, and nuclear engineering. New fields are combined with the traditional fields and then form new branches, for example, Earth Systems Engineering and Management that involve such subject areas as anthropol- ogy, engineering, environment science, ethics, and philosophy. In each new 74 field, considerable overlap takes place, especially in the areas of application of science to such disciplines as physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Within our interests lies mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineer- ing is known as a branch of engineering that tries to apply the core concepts of physics, mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, struc- tural analysis, materials science to the analysis, design, manufacture, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is a well-known fact that mechanical engineering involves production and usage of heat and mechanical power for design, production, and operation of machines and tools. To use these core concepts along with different tools, mechanical engineers use both computer- aided engineering and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants. They use them in industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, etc. Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the industrial revolu- tion in Europe in the 18th century. As for mechanical engineering science, it emerged in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of phys- ics. Mechanical engineering has managed to incorporate advancements in technology. As a result, today mechanical engineers pursue developments in such fields as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology. Mechanical engineering manages to overlap with aerospace engineering, civil engineer- ing, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, and chemical engineering to various extents. Mechanical engineers’ tasks are to research, design, devel- op, manufacture and to test tools, engines, machines, and other mechanical devices. They proceed to be working on both power-producing machines such as electric generators, internal combustion engines, steam and gas turbines and on power-using machines such as refrigeration and air-conditioning equip- ment, machine tools, material handling systems, elevators and escalators, in- dustrial production equipment, and robots used in manufacturing. Mechani- cal engineers also seek to design tools that other engineers need for their work. жүктеу/скачать 4,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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