Навчальний посібник для студентів ос «Бакалавр» галузі знань 03 «Гуманітарні науки»

Chapter 4
 
Prehistory and history of the UK 
 
The 
history of the British Isles
has witnessed intermittent periods of 
competition and cooperation between the people that occupy the various parts 
of Great Britain, Ireland, and the smaller adjacent islands, which together 
make up the British Isles. 
Today, the British Isles contain two sovereign states: the Republic of 
Ireland and 
the United 
Kingdom. 
There 
are 
also 
three Crown 
dependencies: Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man. The United Kingdom 

39 
comprises England, Northern 
Ireland, Scotland, 
andWales, 
each country having its own history, with all but Northern Ireland having 
been independent states at one point. The history of the formation of the 
United Kingdom is very complex. 
The British monarch was head of state of all of the countries of the British 
Isles from the Union of the Crowns in 1603 until the enactment of 
the Republic of Ireland Act in 1949, although the term "British Isles" was not 
used in 1603. Additionally, since the independence of most of Ireland, 
historians of the region often avoid the term 
British Isles
due to the 
complexity 
of 
relations 
between 
the 
peoples 
of 
the archipelago (see: 
Terminology of the British Isles
). 
 
 
Prehistoric 
Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods
The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic, also known as the Old and Middle Stone 
Ages, were characterised by a hunter-gatherer economy and a reliance on 
stone tool technologies. 
Palaeolithic
The Lower Palaeolithic period in the British Isles saw the region's first 
known habitation by early hominids, specifically the extinct Homo 
heidelbergensis. 

One of the most prominent archaeological sites dating to this period is 
that of Boxgrove Quarry in West Sussex, southern England. 
Mesolithic (10,000 to 4,500 BC)
By the Mesolithic, Homo sapiens, or modern humans, were the only 
hominid species to still survive in the British Isles. 
Neolithic and Bronze Ages (4500 to 600BC)

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