17
The tendencies for generalization and abstraction are expressed in
scientific speech by predominance of abstract words over concrete ones.
Nouns with abstract meanings are rather frequent:
мышление
,
возможность
,
перспективы
,
истина
,
гипотеза
,
точка зрения
,
обусловленность
, etc.
The vocabulary of scientific style is characterised by relative
homogeneity
and
limitedness
. This is expressed in the rare use of
synonyms. The length of the text in scientific style is increased not by the
use of different words, but by the use of the same words as many times
as it is necessary.
Scientific style demonstrates the author‟s detachment, the objective
character of information. It is expressed by the use of such words and
word combinations as
считается
,
известно
,
есть основания
полагать
,
предположительно
,
можно
сказать
,
следует
подчеркнуть
,
надо обратить внимание
, etc. This fact also explains
the use of passive constructions, in which the agent (the doer) of the
action is expressed not by the grammatical form of the subject in the
nominative case, but by the form of subordinate part of the sentence in
the instrumental case or is not mentioned. The use of the pronoun
мы
can be explained by the same idea.
Tendency for logicality in scientific speech causes the active use of
composite sentences. For example:
Программа автоматически
перерисовывает график, чтобы отобразить на нем изменения,
внесенные вами
. Complex sentences with adverbial clauses of cause
and condition are typical. For example:
Если генератор перегружен
или есть короткое замыкание в подключенном оборудовании,
индикатор работы погаснет, засветится индикатор перегрузки и
напряжение
в
сети
подключенного
оборудования
будет
отключено
.
18
The use of parenthesis also serves to express the thought logically.
The most wide-spread in scientific style are the following ones:
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: