нагревательный прибор
;
alkaline medium
–
щелочная среда
;
silicic acid
–
кремниевая кислота
;
spherical shell
–
сферическая
оболочка
.
Many terminological equivalents in the Russian language have been
formed from the English terms by transcription or loan translations:
container
–
контейнер
,
file
–
файл
,
design
–
дизайн
. Terminologies
possess international units:
atom
–
атом
,
proton
–
протон
,
focus
–
фокус
,
plus
–
плюс
,
diode
-
диод
. In some cases there are parallel
forms in Russian: one formed by transcription (a loan-word) and the
other which is usually a native word, e.g.:
эквивалентность
and
равенство
;
баланс
and
равновесие
;
резистор
and
сопротивление
;
бустер
and
ускоритель
;
индустрия
and
промышленность
,
installation
–
инсталляция
and
установка
. The
correct choice is absolutely necessary in this case.
Translators make their choice considering whether the source text is
highly technical or not, because a borrowed term is usually more familiar
to specialists than to laymen. Translators have also to take into
consideration the possible differences between the two forms in the way
they are used in the target language. For example, the Russian word
индустрия
is restricted in usage and somewhat old-fashioned.
Much attention is paid to the systematic character of new words. In
many fields there are special rules of terms‟ formation to denote
concepts and objects of a particular class. For instance, the names of
different kinds of electron tubes are formed by analogy with the term
electrode
indicating the number of electrodes used in the tube (
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