Ex. VIII, p. Ill
Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police of London. For most
people its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool,
collected, efficient, ready to track down any criminal.
Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of
Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben. The name "Scotland Yard"
originates from the plot of land adjoining Whitehall Palace where since about the
14th century the royalty and nobility of Scotland stayed when visiting the English
Court. The popular nickname of the London policeman "bobby" is a tribute to Sir
Robert Peel who introduced the police force in 1829 and whose Christian name
attached itself to members of the force.
Ex. X, p. 112
1. In the very centre of the City opposite the Bank of England is the statue of
Wellington, the famous English general and statesman of the 19th century. Under his
command the British troops and their allies defeated Napoleon's army at Waterloo in
1815. Waterloo Bridge, one of the most beautiful bridges across/ over the Thames
was so named/named so in memory of this victory. 2. The Mall is a broad avenue,
lined with trees/a broad, tree-lined avenue leading from Trafalgar Square to
Buckingham Palace, the Royal residence. Opposite the Palace (there) stands a huge
monument with a statue of Victory at its top. This monument was erected/set up in
memory/in honour of Queen Victoria whose sixty-four-year reign (1837—1901) was
the longest in history. 3. The Highgate Cemetery is famous for the grave of Karl
Marx who was buried there. In 1956 a monument to Marx was erected/set up there
funded/financed with the donations/contributions that had been sent by workers from
all over the world.
Ex. XIV, p. 113
1. Out of /From/Through a taxi window you can only get/ catch/obtain/have a
glimpse of London. There are many other ways of seeing/doing its sights: one can
walk around it, one can go on a two-hour/on two hours' (circular) tour in a tourist
bus, one can see the city from the top of a double-decker/double-decker bus; besides,
one can take a trip along the Thames or the Great Canal in Regent's Park. 2. If you
could fly over Moscow in a helicopter, you could see how much our capital has
changed and grown. Long streets, lined with trees cross the city in all directions, and
blocks of new many-storeyed/multistory houses (of highrises) have grown up/sprung
up/appeared on its outskirts instead of sm#ll wooden houses, dark with soot and
smoke. Huge cranes stand high above/over the numerous building sites of the capital.
3. The underground/subway is the most convenient city transport/form of transport.
Hundreds of thousands of Muscovites and visitors go up and down its escalators
(moving stairways/staircases) and admire the architecture and decoration of its
wonderful underground/subterraneous palaces. 4. The monument to Alexander
Pushkin in Puskinskaya (now Strastnaya) Square is one of Muscovites' favourite
monuments/ favourites. At its foot one may/can always see bouquets of natural
flowers, brought by Muscovites to honour the memory of their favourite/beloved
poet.
Ex. XVI b), p. 116
Лондон утром
В то утро, как это порой бывает, дым и поднимающийся над долиной Темзы
туман решили сотворить для своего родного Лондона, и особенно для
старейшей его части, Сити, несколько чудес. В такое утро Сити кажется
волшебным местом. Все в нем окутано чуть светящейся дымкой, то
серебристой, то тускло-золотой. Здания сохраняют свою форму, их можно
пощупать — но они становятся невесомыми; они парят в воздухе подобно
дворцам из сказок «Тысячи и одной ночи»; кажется, что можно опрокинуть
купол собора Св. Павла одним прикосновением указательного пальца,
подвинуть назад резиденцию лорд-мэра, подбросить в небо колонну,
воздвигнутую в память о пожаре 1666 г. В такое утро старинные церкви
невозможно сосчитать: их становится больше, чем когда-либо было.
Транспорта на улицах не меньше обычного: алый поток двухэтажных
автобусов все так же катится по древним, узким улочкам; тротуары по-
прежнему заполнены толпой банковских курьеров, мальчишек-посыльных,
полицейских, клерков, машинисток, швейцаров, членов правления компаний,
секретарш, жуликов, сплетников и сплетниц и просто праздношатающихся. Но
в такое утро все эти автобусы, такси, автофургоны, грузовики, а также все
пешеходы становятся как бы не вполне осязаемыми; они движутся словно под
покровом тончайшего газа и все одеты в бархат; их голоса звучат приглушенно,
а движутся они точно в замедленной съемке. Все чересчур новое, вульгарное и
глупое неким таинственным образом растворяется в особенно густых клубах
тумана. А все, что сохранилось от былой древней красоты, остается, причем в
идеальном освещении и в идеальной оправе. Стоит завернуть за угол, как кто-
нибудь прошепчет вам одну-две строки из Чосера. Если посмотреть в такое
утро на Темзу, то глазам открывается и вовсе фантастическое зрелище:
географии здесь больше нет, а есть одна лишь чистая поэзия; вода исчезает, и
смутные силуэты из какого-то полного приключений сна скользят прямо по
воздуху, мерцающему золотом и серебром. Вот каким бывает Сити в такое утро
— это город из готической сказки, видение или мираж.
UNIT FOUR
E x . I
p . 120
P a t t e r n 1:1. Our mother is hardly ever able to go to the theatre. Our mother
hardly ever goes to the theatre. 2. Our students are hardly ever able to listen to native
English speech. 3. She is hardly ever able to get herself a new dress. 4. They are
hardly able to spend their holiday at the seaside. 5. He is hardly ever able to refuse
helping his friends.
P a t t e r n 3: 1. It will never do to stare at people. 2. The teacher said it would never
do to hand in homework written carelessly./The teacher said that handing in work
written carelessly would never do. 3. "I say, Turner, it will never do to treat your
comrades/friends like that." 4. My mother said that it would never do to let her do all
the work alone. 5. It will never do to hurt animkls. 6. "You have come unprepared
again. It will never do," said the teacher. /"Coming unprepared will never do," said
the teacher.
Ex. II, p. 120
1. She worked very little during the term and we all told her that she might fail at
her examination. 2. It was hardly possible to let the boy stay at home alone because
we all knew that he might make trouble if he did. 3. She worked too hard and her
friends were afraid that she might fall ill. 4. The mother thought the boy might
become a great pianist, and so she made him practise day and night. 5. We wanted to
go and see our sick friend, but the doctor didn't allow that saying that we might catch
the disease.
Ex. III, p. 121
1. It is dangerous to keep the windows open during a thunderstorm. 2. She kept
the door closed and didn't let anyone in. 3. Put the lemonade in the refrigerator to
keep it cold. 4. The epidemic was at its height, and all the doctors of the town were
kept busy. 5. Uput the tulips in the water to keep them fresh. 6. Keep your eyes open
and your mouth shut. 7. This fur coat is sure to keep you warm in any frost. 8. What
is the teacher to do to keep his pupils interested?
Ex. IV, p. 121
1. It will never do to hurt those who are younger than you. 2. We are hardly ever
able to go to the country on our days off/at weekends. 3. I told you that you might
fall ill if you got your feet wet. 4. Keep the patient awake until the doctor comes. 5. It
will never do to use the phone for silly jokes. 6. Keep the children busy and don't let
them make noise while I am talking on the phone. 7. On such a hot day the windows
should be kept open.
8.
It will never do to smoke so much, you will ruin your health.
9.
John wrote to his friend that he might visit him the following year.
Ex. I, p. 130
A. 3. In reported speech one should say the mother, the father or his (her, etc.)
mother, father, depending on the context, e. g. Jane said that her father was a lawyer.
But: "The story/The author says that at the end of the day there were tears in the
mother's eyes." On the other hand if it is the members of one family who are talking,
a brother can say to a sister, "Father says that Mother isn't going to cook dinner
today."
В. 1. One can decorate
■ a Christmas tree;
■ a cake with icing;
■ streets with flags, coloured lamps, etc.;
■ room with flowers;
■ a dress with embroidery.
To trim is to decorate, especially round the edges. One can trim
■ a jacket with fur;
■ a building with marble;
■ a hat with flowers, ribbons, etc.;
■ a hem with lace;
■ a Christmas tree.
2. The preposition on is used before the names of days and the parts of day when
they are used with descriptive attributes. N.B. You can say both on that day
(morning, etc.) and thatday (morning, etc.), and on Saturday (Sunday, etc.) night and
Saturday (Sunday, etc.) night.
Ex. III, p. 131
1. Отцу пришло в голову/Отца осенило, что взять маму на рыбалку будет
даже лучше, чем повезти ее кататься на машине/чем прокатить ее на машине:
ведь когда едешь на рыбалку, у тебя есть четкая цель, так что удовольствие
становится еще больше. 2. Отец попросил не обращать на него внимания и
сказал, что он может преотлично остаться дома и пусть нас не смущает тот
факт, что у него уже три года как не было настоящего отпуска.
Ex. V a ) — b),p. 131
1.
Entered, offered, remembered, cleared, cheered, uttered
2.
Occurred, referred, barred, starred, preferred, stirred
We double the r in stressed last syllables of verbs when
forming the Past Indefinite, the Past Participle and the Presen Participle if r follows
one vowel letter.
Ex. VIII a), p. 132
1. to get smb. to do smth.; 2. to get. smth. arranged; 3. to get over a disease; 4. to
get up and down; 5. to look away; 6. to occur to smb.; 7. to turn up; 8. a treat; 9. in
the end; 10. to be able to afford smth./to do smth./doing smth.; 11. to keep on doing
smth.; 12. to keep smb. from doing smth.; 13. to keep smth. back; 14. to have fun, to
have a (very) good/nice/great/excellent time; 15. to care for smth.; 16. for a
(little/short) while; 17. to hire a taxi; 18. to get messed up; 19. to make fun of smb.;
20. to make trouble.
Ex. X, p. 133
1. What a treat it is to listen to her singing! 2. After the concert the children were
treated to tea and cakes. 3. Turn off the radio, this music is getting on my nerves. 4. I
turned the corner and ran into my old friend. 5. Why turn everything upside down to
find some trifle? 6. The boy was treated for measles, but it turned out that he had
scarlet fever. 7. The girl liked to be treated like an adult/a grown-up. 8. She couldn't
keep the boy from pranks. 9. We had a very good time on the beach. It was great fun.
10. It didn't occur to David that he was keeping everybody waiting. 11. Children
should be taught to treat animals kindly. 12. Who would have thought that she would
become a talented actress? 13. Ah, so that's how you keep your word! 14. "Your
friend is so full of fun." — "Oh, is he?/Oh, really? You know/Just fancy, it has never
occurred to me before." 15. It occurred many years ago. She must have forgotten all
about it./ She must have already forgotten everything. 16. What fun it is to play this
game! 17. Robert's schoolmates made fun of his green suit. 18. What a funny hat!
Ex. XII a), p. 133
1. Мы могли бы с тем же успехом потанцевать и сейчас. 2. Я бы предпочел
взять такси. Я очень устал. 3. Недопустимо/Нельзя наказывать ребенка за то,
чего он не совершал. 4. Если это в его силах, он никогда не заставляет себя
ждать. 5. Мы должны помешать ему наломать дров/заварить кашу. 6. Возьми
мои перчатки, в них твои руки не замерзнут. 7. Что толку украшать эту старую
шляпку, все равно она не станет выглядеть лучше. 8. К девяти часам у нас уже
все было готово для поездки. 9. Мы сумели сделать так, что она поверила на
шему рассказу. 10. Боюсь, что я весь день буду занята приготовлениями к
вечеринке. 11. Нельзя оставлять детей на улице после наступления темноты. 12.
Если не хотите, чтобы вас оштрафовали, сохраняйте/не выбрасывайте билет до
конца поездки.
Ex. XIV, р. 134
1. The dress is just wonderful. It is very becoming to you. 2. I haven't seen you
for ages. How are you getting on? 3. I liked the cake you treated me to. How do you
make it? 4. Turn the page/ Turn over the page and do Exercise 3. 5. He turned out a
very good story-teller. I enjoyed his stories immensely. 6. We shall discuss the
matter on our way home. 7. I'm sure you'll get over all the difficulties in the end. 8.
Pete didn't want to take his younger brother fishing, he was afraid that he would be in
his way. 9. The students of Group 3 will help to decorate the hall with flowers and
mottoes. 10. The father had promised to take the boys for a drive into the country on
Sunday. But unfortunately the weather changed in the morning, and they had to stay
(at) home. 11. Celia waved her hand to Lanny until the train was out of sight. 12. For
such a big occasion all the children were dressed in their best. 13. When all the
things were packed in a suit-case, it turned out that the ticket had somehow got there
too, and I had to turn everything upside down in search of it. 14. The children were
allowed to stay home from school as the mother's birthday was a great occasion for
all the family.
Ex. XV, p. 135
1. I'm so busy/I have so much work (to do)/I'm so snowed under, that I just can't
afford to waste/wasting (lose/losing) time. 2. Here's the hat I told you about. I'm sure
it will be very becoming to you/it will become you very much. 3 . I can't imagine
how you will manage to get over/to cope with aU these difficulties. 4 . I couldn't
afford such an expensive present./I couldn't afford to buy/buying such an expensive
present. 5 . I hope we will be able to get to the underground/subway station before it
is closed. 6 . I have got a letter from him today. He writes that he has a lot of work
to do and he is hardly ever able even to treat himself to going to the cinema. 7. You
are getting up and down, coming in and going out all the time. It will never do to
work like that. 8. We are having a party tomorrow, and I want to dress in my (very)
best for the occasion. 9. Something has dropped out of my handbag ( U S purse),
probably a pen. 10. He must have got everything arranged for the departure/for
leaving. 11. Who would have thought that he had said it in/for fun? 12. Can't you get
the child to go to bed in time? 13. The whole family had a great time in the country
although the heroine of the day had to stay at home and cook dinner. 14. This colour
is very becoming to you/becomes you very much.
Ex. XVIII a), p. 135
Мне всегда казалось, что суть хорошего юмора в том, чтобы он не колол и
не жалил/что главное в юморе — это его безвредность и беззлобность. Я готов
признать, что всем нам в какой-то мере свойственно то поистине бесовское/то
сатанинское чувство юмора — оно же злорадство, — которым отличались
наши предки и от которого так же невозможно избавиться, как от первородного
греха (то древнее, поистине бесовское чувство юмора, которым отличались
наши предки, некая склонность радоваться чужим несчастьям, от которой так
же невозможно избавиться, как от первородного греха). Вообще- то нам не
должно быть смешно, когда человек — особенно если он толстый и важный —
падает, поскользнувшись на банановой кожуре. Но мы тем не менее
потешаемся. Когда кто-ни- будь катается по скованному льдом пруду,
выписывая изящные круги и красуясь перед толпой зевак, и вдруг — раз! —
проваливается в воду, все собравшиеся начинают вопить от восторга. Наш
далекий пращур-дикарь находил происшествие особенно забавным, если
поскользнувшийся ломал себе шею, а провалившийся под лед тонул. Могу себе
представить, как группа пещерных людей стоит вокруг полыньи и надрывается
от хохота. Если бы в те времена существовала такая вещь, как газета, то
заметка об этом происшествии вышла бы под заголовком «Забавный случай.
Неизвестный джентльмен проваливается под лед и тонет».
Но под влиянием цивилизации наше чувство юмора притупилось и такие
происшествия стали смешить нас меньше.
Ex. I, р. 144
a) breakfast ['b r e k f ə s t ]
porridge [' p ɒ r i d ʒ ]
cornflakes ['kᴐ:nfleɪks]
bacon ['beəkən]
toast [təᴜst] ( uncountable)
fruit jelly [ˏfru:t'dʒeli]
juice [dʒu:s]
sufficient [sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt]
pudding [′pᴜdiƞ]
stewed fruit [ˏstju:d 'fru:t] — компот
substantial [səb'stænʃ(ə)1]
roast beef [ˏrəᴜst'bi:f]
omelet(te) ['ɒmlɪt]
sausages [' sᴐ:sədʒəz]
biscuit ['bɪskɪt] — печенье
eat — ate, eaten, eating
fry — fried, fried, frying — жарить (на сковороде) roast — roasted, roasted,
roasting — жарить (на огне, в духовке и т. п.)
accompany — accompanied, accompanied, accompanying
fill — filled, filled, filling
bring — brought, brought, bringing
full meal — a big meal, a substantial meal plain food — simple food
a sociable time — a time of friendly intercourse/socializing a housekeeping budget
— the amount of money set aside to
pay for food and other things needed in the home to go under various names — to be
known under (many)
different names social standing
— position in society
Ex. Ill a), p. 144
delicious (about food) — very tasty
layer-cake — a cake consisting of several layers of dough
separated by cream, jam, etc. oven [' л v( э) n ] — a closed box used for cooking
napkin — a usually square piece of cloth or paper used for protecting one's clothes
and for cleaning one's hands and lips during a meal a big eater — a person who eats a
lot
done to a turn — perfectly cooked, cooked neither too much nor too little
seconds — 1. the second course of a meal; 2. another serving of the same food after
you have eaten your first serving
Ex. VI, p. 145
1. Take another helping of salad. 2. I think I'll trouble you for another cup of
tea. 3. Will you please pass on the sugar? 4. She is going to make some fish soup
for dinner. 5. Marmalade is made from orange peel. 6. The egg is eaten with a
small spoon. 7. Their meal consisted of two courses. 8. What can you recommend
for the first course ? 9. The meat is done to a turn. 10. No sugar for me, thank you.
11. At midday people have their meals at home or at/in the canteen. 12. Custard is
made of eggs and milk. 13. The fish is just to my liking. 14. The evening meal goes
under/bу various names in England. 15. I don't take milk with my tea. 16. Help
yourself to some pastry. 17. Broth is made by boiling chicken. 18. Will you please
hand over the salt-cellar? 19. What do you usually order for dessert? 20. The way to
refuse a dish is by saying "No, thank you." 21 . You may ask for a second helping.
Ex. VII, p. 146
1. Cornflakes with milk were/Cornflakes and milk was served for breakfast. Then
came fried bacon. 2. It is impossible to imagine an English breakfast without toast. It
is spread with butter and jam./It is buttered and spread with jam. 3. Breakfast is often
eaten in haste/hastily because everybody is in a hurry. 4. Lunch/Dinner usually
consists of two courses. Meat (The meat dish/course) is served with a lot of
vegetables. Then comes stewed fruit. 5. The so-called "high tea" is rather a
substantial meal. 6. He never minds/He is never averse to having something
substantial, as he puts it. 7. There is nothing like strawberries with cream. 8. "Is the
beefsteak good?" — "I think it's underdone." — "And I think it's done to a turn." 9.
"What would you like for the second course/for seconds?" — "Some fish dish as
usual." 10. For me there is nothing like chips if they are brown and crisp, of course.
11. "How many lumps of sugar?" — "Thank you, I take my tea without sugar. A
slice of lemon, please."
Ex. XIV, p. 148
1. "How many meals a day do you have?" the doctor asked. "Having regular meals is
vital for one's/the health." 2. He ate a plateful of/a full plate of porridge though he
had said that he wasn't hungry at all. 3. Today the menu includes meat dishes, stewed
vegetables, a sweet pudding, various starters and even ice-cream with fruit for
dessert./Today there are meat dishes, stewed vegetables, a sweet pudding, various
starters and even ice-cream for dessert on the menu. 4. "How many lumps of sugar
would you like?" — "Two will be enough." 5. "Would you like some more salad?"
— "Thank you, I've had enough/that's enough." 6. "Is the soup tasty?" — "I haven't
tasted it yet, it's too hot." 7. Have you told your sister to fetch clean dishes? 8. "How
do you like your tea: strong or weak?" — "Not very strong, please." 9. "What do we
have for seconds/for the second course?" — "Fish and chips." 10. Dinner is served in
the dining- room. 11. "Shall I butter your bread?" — "Yes, and put some jam on
it/and spread it with jam too." 12. We had a light breakfast today and after a walk we
are hungry. I wouldn't mind having something substantial. 13. He had a quick supper
and got down to work. 14. She likes tinned/canned pineapples better than fresh ones.
15. In this house visitors/guests are always treated to an absolutely special apple-tart.
It is delicious. 16. "Her husband likes to take half an hour's nap after a hearty dinner
to use his own words." — "It's bad for digestion. He had better walk half a mile or
so." 17. "Have you laid the table yet?" — "No, I haven't. I can't find a clean table-
cloth."
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