радиоактивті ыдырау заңы.
1902ж. Резерфорд, Содди
е – натурал логарифм негізі, е=2,718...
t – ыдырау уақыты
N0 – бастапқы уақыт мезетіндегі ядролар саны
N – t уақыт ішіндегі ыдырамай қалған ядролардың саны
λ - ыдырау тұрақтысы [с-1]
N=f(t) тәуелділігінің графигі
Радиоактивті ядролар санының жартысы ыдырайтын уақыт аралығын жартылай ыдырау периоды деп атайды.
Т1/2 – жартылай ыдырау периоды.
Радиоактивті ядроның орташа өмір сүру уақыты
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAABAAAAAD3CAIAAAAMp7FmAAA0WElEQVR4nO3deXwUVbrw8exAWAPBsAaEsCQBwir7EoMDEdlEkTWIihARVNwQkBFU0IvjNoiCihBZwiIgELgyMDMMl8iIQECSSEKCCcpOAgkJJIHkPZ/uO/3W7U53eqnurur6ff/g03VqO6RPPaeerqpTfhUVFV4AAAAAtMHP3RUAAAAA4DokAAAAAICGkAAAAAAAGkICAAAAAGgICQAAAACgISQAAAAAgIaQAAAAAAAaQgIAAAAAaAgJAAAAAKAhJAAAAACAhpAAAAAAABpCAgAAAABoCAkAAAAAoCEkAAAAAICGkAAAAAAAGkICAAAAAGgICQAAAACgISQAAAAAgIaQAAAAAAAaQgIAAAAAaAgJAAAAAKAhJAAAAACAhpAAAAAAABpCAgAAAABoCAkAAAAAoCEkAADgOm+88cb7779v0yo//vhjz549nVQfC8rKylJTU1N0srKycnNzL1++fFvHz8+vjk7jxo2jdGJiYlq2bOn6SgIA7EACAACu89tvv9m6iltOrLt06ZKWliZygErn3r17986dO1euXDl79uyhQ4dEibe3d79+/aZPnz5hwgTX1hQAYDMSAABwnZUrV8bHx5/QSUlJSU9PNzrJDggIaN++fcf/6NSpU0hIiOvrefLkSZuWr6ioOKQj/oNffvll27ZtnVQxAIDjSAAAwHXq1KkzQEc/+dRTT61Zs0a6wBdffPHkk0+6vmIWBAUFDRkyJDo6OioqqkWLFmLy3r17N2/e/PXXX8UZ/9dff52bm2tYWJT06dNn//79nTt3dl+VAQCWkAAAgNucOnXKqKRTp05uqYk5H330UXx8fEBAgFF5jRo1GjVqNGjQoHnz5i1atOjdd9+tqKjQz8rLyxs8eHBKSkqzZs1cXl8AQNVIAADAPcrLy9PS0qQlvr6+kZGR7qqPqcDAwJkzZ/r5WeopRJ0XL14s/i9LliwxFIoc4MUXX9y6davz6wgAsBkJAAC4R0ZGxp07d6Qlbdq0qVatmrvqY6p3796Wz/4NFi1atH79+pycHEPJtm3bTp48GRUV5bTaAYCaXL9+vW3btvn5+ampqeHh4e6tDAkAALiH8u//GThwoJVL+vr6Pvvss/Pnz5cWihyABAAA9ObNmyfO/v39/du0aePuupAAAICbKD8BMDysbA3TbGH//v2LFi2StUYAoErHjx//+uuvxYewsDArr6w6lftrAADapOQEoLy83NZVTH/T+uOPP2SqDgCo26xZs/RxVSEPepEAAIB7KDkBsENQUJBRyeXLl91SEwBQlISEhB9//FH/OSIiwr2V0SMBAAA3KCgokA6fL9StWzc0NNRd9XHc3bt3jUpMBw8FAK0pLCycO3euYZIEAAC0y/Tn/44dOzq+2czMzISEhAMHDogPN2/eFEmF6GxGjBgxbdq0OnXqOL59C27dumVUUr9+fafuEQCUb9GiRZcuXTJMkgAAgHZZf//PoEGD/vWvf5mW9+7d+/Dhw4bJrKys1157bceOHYYXcnnpRp07pLN8+fLdu3c79d5TkW8YlbRo0cJ5uwMAJcvLy9u8efP69euTk5Ol5aahvmHDhq6/YZIEAADcwPoEYNasWV27dj1+/HhKSkpBQYGhPCwszPD5iy++mDNnjtFbBaRycnKGDRuWmppas2ZNxypuVkZGhlFJnz59nLQvAFCy+Pj41atXl5WVWbNwhw4dnF0fUyQAAOAG1icAY3TEh507d44aNcpQ3rp1a/HvvXv3pk+fLnqaKveYm5u7cuVKkSfYXWfL0tPTjUqio6OdtC8AULItW7ZYefbvRQIAANpx+vRp6aS3t3eVzwD88ssv0kmRAIiz/7Fjx27fvl1fMnDgwLi4OHHa3bhx48uXL+/YsWP+/PlFRUWGVUQK4bwE4NChQ9LJpk2bxsTEOGlfAKBk165d039YvHjxW2+9ZShfuHChdNKNSAAAwNWys7ONHpm9//77q7w5xzQBmDp1qv7sPyoqavny5X379jXMDQ0NnT17tq+v76xZswyFaWlpMtS+MqWlpfv375eWPPPMMz4+Pk7aHQCowsmTJ6WTyhnrmQQAAFzNvjcAGK21cePGdevWiQ+vv/76O++8I871TVcZM2aMNAG4ceOGHbW1xo4dO6SXGoKDg513qQEA1MIobssy2pssSAAAwNXsSABKSkoyMzOlJcuXL/fz81uzZs2ECRPMrWU0EKfzRgL9y1/+Ip1cvHhx7dq1nbQvAFCF4uLi7Oxsw2SNGjWkgze4FwkAALiaHQlAenr6vXv3pCXe3t4bNmx47LHHLKwlHXza6z/PDcsuKSnp6NGjhsmHHnpoxowZztgRAKjIL7/8Ih2XOTIyUsRtN9ZHigQAAFzNjgTAdJUPPvjA8tm/cPbsWelku3btrKugDe7cuTN79mzDZEhIyNq1a2XfCwCojlHcVs4DAF4kAADgYkYXhYWaNWtW+du80RPAI0aMePHFF6vcl9FTv854A+XLL7987tw5/efAwMDdu3c3atRI9r0AgOoo9gEALxIAAHCx06dPl5eXS0usuS5slAA8+eST1uzLaC3Z3wS8bt26zz//XP/Z398/MTGxW7du8u4CAFSKKwAAgP8lyxBAVnYkTk0A/vnPf06bNk3/WZz9b9q06ZFHHpFx+wCgakYRmCsAAKBddiQA169flz7OW6tWrVatWlmzL+nrxgIDA61cyxrHjh0bOXJkSUmJ+FytWrXExEQxKdfGAUDtcnNzpSMvN2rUKDg42H3VMUYCAAAuZUcCYN8P+UavG5PxAYCff/75T3/6U2Fhofhcu3btHTt2REdHy7VxAPAASn4AwIsEAABczOhs3sv2IYCsvP/HaK0OHTpYs1aVjhw5MnTo0IKCAvH5vvvuS0pK4r5/ADCi5AcAvEgAAMCVfv/99/z8fGlJs2bN6tWrZ3kto5zBvgcAZPn96YcffhgzZkxxcbGXblDRvXv3tmzZ0vHNAoCH4QoAAOB/2fcEsH0JgOxXABITE6dMmVJWViY+DxgwYPv27UFBQQ5uEwA8ElcAAAD/y44EoKKiIjU11aZVKt2XgwnAX/7yl9dee03/VkuRBqxatcrf39+RDQKApyopKcnMzDRM+vr6OuM1LI4gAQAA17EjAcjOzi4qKjJMNm/evG7dulXu6Pbt21lZWYbJ+vXrN27c2Jaa/n/ipP+FF15Yvny5+Ozt7f3OO++88cYb9m0KALQgNTX13r17hsm2bdsGBAS4sT6mSAAAwHUcHwLIyp//jV43ZvcbAO7cuTNhwoQdO3aIzzVq1Fi7du1jjz1m36YAQCMU/gCAFwkAALhMaWlpRkaGtKRatWrt2rWzvJYsrwCz7/6f69evjxgx4scffxSfQ0JCdu7c2aNHDzu2AwCaIn0HixcJAABoWVpa2t27d6Ul4eHhvr6+ltdy1xPAv/3225AhQ/S3sUZGRu7Zs6d58+a2bgQANCg9PV06KdcozDIiAQAAF1HREEAnT56MjY3Vv344Ojp627Zt1jx4AAAQpE8Ae+l+63FXTcwhAQAAF7EjAbhz587Zs2cNk9bcMqTnyC1A//jHP0aPHq1/1dfEiRNXr17NgD8AYL0LFy5IJxV4+ZQEAABcxI4EIDU1Vfosb0REhI+PT5U7unjx4vXr1w2TjRs3tmnA/tjY2NLSUv3n9TrWr2tKWn8A0IKSkhLppALDIAkAALiIy4YAcvD+H8PZPwDADg0aNLhy5Yph8siRIzExMW6sjykSAABwivLy8jNnzqSkpJzUER+k/YFely5dukqYXia2bwgg2d8BDACwXs+ePXft2mWYnD59+urVq3v16lVWVpaTk5OcnLxjx47g4OA1a9a4q4YkAADgFK+88srHH39seZmLFy8m6egnz50716JFC+kCslwB+Oyzz/bv399BZ9iwYUp7Iz0AeJgZM2ZIE4Ds7OxBgwYZLSNKysvLrbmr0xlIAADAKcTZvE3L+/r6NmvWzKjQvgTAaK3S0tJfdLx0rwQmAQAAp4qNjX3xxRfN/QYUGRk5f/78cePGubZS/wcJAAA4xfbt2x3fiH4gTlulpKQ4slMFPq8GAOry4Ycf9u/ff8WKFceOHSsqKmrQoEGTJk0GDBgwbNgwJTwPQAIAAAAAyGy0jrtrUTkSAAAAAEBDSAAAAAAADSEBAACo2/Xr19u2bZufn5+amhoeHu7u6gCA0pEAAADUbd68eeLs39/fv02bNu6uCwCoAAkAAEDFjh8//vXXX4sPYWFhfn50agBQNWIlAEDFZs2apR+3NDIy0t11AQB1IAEAAKhVQkLCjz/+qP8cERHh3soAgFqQAAAAVKmwsHDu3LmGSRIAALASCQAAQJUWLVokfVMyCQAAWIkEAACgJnl5eZs3b16/fn1ycrK0vFOnTkZLNmzY8PLlyy6sGgCoAwkAAEA14uPjV69eXVZWZs3CHTp0cHZ9AECNSAAAAKqxZcsWK8/+vUgAAMAMEgAAgGpcu3ZN/2Hx4sVvvfWWoXzhwoXSSQCABSQAAAD1OXnypHTS9AEAAIA5JAAAAPU5deqUdLJjx47uqgkAqA4JAABAZYqLi7Ozsw2TNWrUCAsLc2N9AEBdSAAAACqwa9eu+fPnZ2RkiHP9SZMmVVRUGGZFRkZ6e3u7sW4AoC4kAAAApduzZ8+oUaP0J/1paWnz5s2TzuUBAACwCQkAAEDpxBm/9Cd/IzwAAAA2IQEAACjdr7/+amEuVwAAwCYkAAAApYuMjDxx4oS5uVwBAACbkAAAgKN4AtUmFm7mMWfp0qUPP/xweXm56axGjRoFBwfLUS8AqJzSgrwdUdQICQAAwKVEV2pr7/WnP/0pKSnp9ddfT09Pb9y4cW5urmEWP/8D0Bo7oqgREgAAgEvZ128N0REflixZsmDBAkM5DwAA0BquAACA+zkei2E93gEMwMU8L8iTAAAA1MQoAeAKAADYigQAAKAaJSUlmZmZhklfX9+IiAg31gcA1IgEAACgGqmpqffu3TNMtm3bNiAgwI31AQA1IgEAAKgGDwAAgONIAAAAqnH69GnpJAkAANiBBAAAoBrp6enSyQ4dOrirJgCgXiQAAADVkD4BLISHh7urJgCgXiQAAADVuHDhgnSyefPm7qoJAKgXCQAAQDVKSkqkk+Xl5e6qCQCoFwkAAEA1GjRocOXKFcPkkSNHYmJi3FgfAFAjEgAAgGr07Nlz165dhsnp06evXr26V69eZWVlOTk5ycnJO3bsCA4OXrNmjfvqCABKRwIAAFCNGTNmSBOA7OzsQYMGGS0jSsrLy318fFxaMwBQDxIAAIBqxMbGvvjiix9//HGlcyMjI+fPnz9u3DjXVgoAVIYEAACgJh9++GH//v1XrFhx7NixoqKiBg0aNGnSZMCAAcOGDeN5AACwBgkAAEBlRuu4uxYAoFYkAAAAAICGkAAAAAAAGkICAAAAAGgICQAAAACgISQAAAAAgIaQAAAAAAAaQgIAAOqwcePGiRMnOnUX991336VLl5y6CwDwDKqOySQAAKAOv/zyi7N30bFjR2fvAgA8g6pjMgkAAKjD6dOnnb0LEgAAsJKqYzIJAACog/7XJl9f31deeSU8PLxly5YhISH16tWrWbNmQECAv7+/t7e3WOCpp55as2aNdMXly5frr1OXl5ffvXu3tLT09u3bN2/ezMvLu3z58u+//56YmHjq1CkvEgAAsJqqY7IrEgDH75EaPXr0d999Z8eKd+7cqV279r179xzZu17z5s1zcnIc3w7kQruCpty6dSs3N1d86NOnz9KlSy0sqe82pB544IG6detaWCU7O1u/VocOHRyuKWAz4jkqJb6d1NTU9PT0nP+4cOFCUVFRcXHxbR2xTDWdoKCghg0bivPvsLCwdu3aRUVFdenSxc/PiWe5ao/JrkgAjh496uAWkpKS8vPzxbdr64onT56U5agWunXrJst2IBfaFTRF9IIVFRXiw/Dhwy0sVl5enpaWJi3x8fGpsgspLCwU/3p7e0dGRjpcU8BmxHPoiZP7n3/++aeffhL/ijPgzMxMEdMsr3L37l2xVl5eXlZWlrS8evXqvXr1GjVqlEgORW4me1XVHpNdkQD4+vq2aNHi/PnzVX6L5pSWliYmJsbHx9u64s2bNzt27CgSKdE47Nu1ULNmzVatWok2ZPcW4Ay0K2iK4WmzESNGWFgsIyPjzp070pKwsDDREVre+K1bt8S/okEGBgY6Vk3AHsRzCJ06dRLnyna3ASMiEv5TZ86cObGxsS+88MLgwYNl2bKe2mOyKxKAZTolJSUiOcv8D/EXEf9euHDByo0kJCTYcWD/SUd8uHTp0tmzZ0UFpP/m5+cbLR8UFNS6dWvx3Uj/bdSoka37hQvQrqAp+qfN2upYWMz0WrPoU6vcuP7XJh4AgLsQz+HltGdqRUaRpBMTE/PRRx/JdVON2mOy6x4CrlatWoSOtLBdu3bi8LZm9X//+99iyTZt2ti390Y6/fr1M5RcvXo1JCREugwDYKsR7Qoaof+1yfK1Zi97Oxv9r00kAHAv4jksqFWrVo8ePXrqiG+5SZMmNWvW9PX1vX379rVr13Jzc0X0O3To0A8//HDz5s1Kt3DgwAGxhSVLlrz00kuO10ftMdmdowDduXPH6IYty0Ry//bbb8u1d9PRW635SqB8tCt4JP2vTZavNXs59msTTwBDaYjnEGf5Iu6NHTs2NjY2ICCg0gWEFi1a9O/ff+bMmSUlJRs2bFi0aJH+CV0jYu7LL78svtkvv/xSJA+OVEztMdmdCUBqaqpNd3qtW7fOqQc2v355BtoVPNLly5etWcy+zubMmTP21AlwMuK5ltWvX//VV1+dMWOG5QFzjFSrVm3q1Knjx4+fPXv2V199Vekya9asEbmlyBMcqZ7aY7I7EwDTQ6tt27YZGRnmls/JyTl48ODAgQNl2bvprWYc2J6BdgXNKigoMPrRq06dOi1btnRTdQBHEc+17I033nj55ZftW7d69eqrVq1q2LChuQE6ExMTW7Vq9c477zhQwaopOSYrKwEQSds333xj4dhOSEiQ68Ams/dUtCtolulPTdzVA1UjnmvZAw884OAW3n333R9//PGf//xnpXPfe++9oUOHSp/6kJ2SY7KyEoBOnTpNnjz5zTffNLfK1q1bP/vssyqHT7JGamqqdNLHx8fowSOoFO0KmmXftWZAsYjnmuXr6yvLexXWrFkj0jb9LfVGysvL4+PjRdjUv6/XGZQck5WVAIgvKTIycuHChfp3K5gSX+H27dvHjx/v4K7PnTtnNOJv69ata9So4eBmoQS0K2iWaWcTFRXllpoAsiCea1aHDh1kGQI/NDR06tSpn376aaVzRY6XmJjoeGsxR8kx2W0JwLVr14yen6hXr16zZs3Eh4EDB5q7XuOlu7rn+FfFdT1PRbuClin51ybAVsRzLevZs6dcm5oxY4a5BED4/PPPXZkAKCcmuy0BMD20DPdFxcXFWTiw9+/ff+nSJQdfusGTPZ6KdgUtM2qB3t7etECoF/Fcyxx/AMCgffv23bt3//nnnyude/jw4fPnzzdv3lyu3UkpOSYrKAEw/FEee+yx559/vri4uNIV7927t379ersfDDe3d+XkZHAE7QqalZ2drX93jEHLli1r1arlrvoADiKea5mMVwCEXr16mUsAKioqRMY4depUGXenp/CYrMQEQPx1Ro8eLY5ec+t+++23sh/YysnJ4AjaFTRLydeaATsQzzWrdu3a8j5v3aNHDwtzDx8+7IwEQOExWUEJgPTvEhcXZ+HAPqVj99+xrKzMaASxGjVqtG7d2r6tQVFoV9AshXc2gK2I55rVrVs3eUfmiYyMtDDXwqiyjlB4THZbAmA0upbX/x0bdfDgwU2bNv3jjz/MrZ6QkPDBBx/Yt+tff/317t270hLRMpw3CBRciXYFzVJ4ZwPYiniuNTa99dkmQUFBFub+9ttvztipwmOyexKA7Oxso9G1QkND69SpY5gUh9nEiRP/67/+y9wWNmzYIOb6+PjYsXee7PFUtCtomcI7G8AmxHPIqF69ehbm3rx50xk7VXhMdk8CYM2tdVOmTLFwYF+6dGnfvn1Dhw510t6hRrQraFZxcbE4YZKWBAYGhoWFuas+gIOI55CRNHU0Ze5pckcoPyYrNwEIDw/v1q3bsWPHzG0kISGBAxtStCto1unTp42unnPHAlSNeA4ZWb65yN/fX/Y9Kj8muycBsPLiWlxcnIUD+/vvvy8sLKxdu7aT9g7VoV1BsxR+rRmwFfEcMiotLbUw1xkveFZ+TFbuFQBhwoQJr7zySllZWaUbuX379pYtW5566imbdn3r1q2cnBxpScOGDe+77z6bNgJlol2hSikpKQcPHjx69GhGRsb58+cLCgpES6hTp05QUFCDBg06d+7cq1ev/v37q264D+V3NoBNiOeQkdHzJEbE9yv7HpUfk92QAIg8LDMzU1ri7+/fvn170yVFfxwbG7tz505zm0pISLD1wDZN65X2lZgjQtLatWvdXQv79enTp0uXLs7bPu0KFvz+++8rV65cs2ZNpWOG5OlkZWX99NNPq1atEiX9+vV79tlnx40b5+fntqHSbGLa2URFRbmlJrAG8dwy4jnkdf36dQtzmzVrJvselR+T3dC3paenG42u1a5dO3O97JQpUywc2IcOHRJpeosWLazfu3pv7BPNd9asWe6uhf2WLl3q1A6DdoVKiXP6999/X3zd9+7ds36t/9ERK3711VfyvpDSSXhrqboQzy0jnkNeV65csTC30tzSQcqPyW5IAGw6tB555JH69evn5eVVOreiouLbb79dsGCBk/YOFaFdwcjVq1dff/31tWvXii/Uvi2kpqb27dv3gw8+ePHFF2Wtmsx+//33/Px8aUmzZs0sD3sHKBnxHPIyGpDHiOy/zasiJis9AfD393/iiSc+//xzcwvYemDzZI+nol1BauXKlXPnzq10dOc+ffpMmDChX79+oaGhtWrVun79+vHjxzds2LBx40bTkSJEyZw5c8rKyl599VWXVNweyr/ZFLAJ8RzyysrKsjB3wIAB8u5OFTFZ6QmAl+7qnoUDOzMz88iRI7169bJy70YHto+Pj+UXREMtaFfQu3379rPPPrt+/XrTWT169PjrX//6wAMPSAtDQkJidaZNmzZq1KgbN26Yrihyib59+4rMwUl1dpAqOhvAesRzyCslJcXcrObNm7dr107e3akiJqsgARC9tfhuzpw5Y26BhIQEKw/sy5cvX7t2TVrSqlUrZwz/BNejXUE4d+7c6NGjTYOv6MLffPPNhQsXWhiGecCAASJtGDZsmOmsiooKkVSIzdr3VlFnU0VnA1iPeA55WRgrdsyYMbLvThUx2dUJwI0bN4xG4ahTp05oaKjlteLi4ubPn29u7qZNmz755BNr3uPAjX2einYFQXT/gwYNEv23UbnovBMTE4cPH17lFmJjYx9++OE9e/aYzkpLSztw4MBDDz0kT11lpYrOBrAS8RzyOnHihGm/YDBx4kTZ96iKmOzqBMD00OrQoUOVa02aNGnBggXmnuTLz8/ftWvXo48+asfeVXRg16tXz0J0U76+ffs6b+O0K2RkZERHR5tG+cDAwL179/bv39/K7Tz55JOVJgDCxo0bFZgAlJaWiv+7tKRatWqyX9GGvIjnFhDPIa+kpCRzs3r06NGtWzd5d6eWmOz+BMCaQ6t58+aDBg36xz/+YW6Bb7/91poDW9WD+9atW/ftt992dy0UinalcVlZWeLs/9KlS0blvr6+W7dutf7sX7Bwn4CFi8hulJaWZjRgYnh4uPiPu6s+sAbx3ALiOeS1e/duc7Neeukl2XenlpisjgTAS/eIj4UDe8+ePXl5efXr13fS3qFwtCstKyoqGjly5MWLF01nLVu2bOjQoTZtzcL7Pn///XebK+d8qrjWDFiPeA4Z5ebmHj16tNJZ4rz8iSeekH2PaonJqkkAxowZM3PmTHMvcy4rK9u4caNYwMIWKioqRFomLalRo0ZYWJg1e4fC0a607Omnnzb6CvQeeeQRO8bvLy0tNTfr9u3btm7NBdTS2QBWIp5DRp988om5G8OWLFliYVgIu6klJrs6AbB7eN2aNWs++uij3377rbkFEhISLB/Y2dnZxcXF0pKIiAhnfPdwPdqVZn388cebN282La9du7aFYQEtyM3NNTcrODjYjg06m1o6G8BKxHPIpaCg4Kuvvqp01kMPPTRy5Ehn7FQtMdmlCYDoWcWXIS1p2rSp9a9Gi4uLs3BgHz169MyZMxYes+C6nqeiXalaeXm5CNDffPNNamqql+6a7IQJE+Lj4wMCAqpcNzMzc+7cuZXOWrJkiWgGdtQnOTnZ3CzZ3xYpC7V0NoA1iOfq5Ugwd5JVq1YVFhaaltepU0fMctJO1RKTXZoAOHhoPfjgg82aNbNwG65I7t99911zc3m3n6eiXanXjRs3Ro0a9a9//ctQclRHdOFJSUkhISGWV581a1ald+x07979ueees69KGzduNDcrJibGvm3KpaSkROQ8GTriPEb/4fr160aLRUZGtv+/7r//fmW+wQAwQjxXKQeDuTNcu3btvffeq3TW8uXLW7Ro4fguVB2TXZoAOHhoeXt7T5o0ydzXKaxfv97CgU1m76loVypVUVExZswYaYdhcPz48eHDhycnJ/v5mY1R27Zt27dvX6Wz/vznP9t31V50V+YeIqxevfrkyZPt2KaMRNM6e/ZslYuJ7uewjqFk2bJlL7/8sjOrBsiDeK5GDgZzJ3nllVfy8vJMy8eOHSsaiSy7UHVMVtMVAC/d1T0LB3Zubq7ovKOjoyudS2bvqWhXKrV27VoLQ3b8/PPPX3zxxfPPP1/p3Lt3786ZM6fSWVFRUZW+zbdK5eXlL7zwgrm5zz77bIMGDezYrFxKS0vPnTtn37rt27eXtzKAkxDP1ciRYO4kIhtJSEgwLW/btq2ojCy7UHtMVlkCIP5kPXr0MDeik5fu6l6lB7b4njIzM6UlwcHBbrkmBdnRrlTK3LNZBuvWrTPXZyQmJpp7WnfevHn21efNN988cuRIpbMaNWq0ePFi+zYrl4CAgLKyMvfWAXA24rkaORLMnaGwsHDatGmm5eIL3bNnj/WPlFim9pjsugTg7t27v/766//Zt59feHi4rdsRyb2FA/u7775bsWJFjRo1jMrT09ON3sugzGcyYCvalXqZPillpNLBPfU++uijSstDQ0Mfe+wxOyrz2WefLV26tNJZ/v7+mzdvrlOnjh2bBWA94rlKORLMnUE0AKNczkt3G+f333/fqlUrV9ZEyVyXAJw5c8YoVWrTpo0dz4aPHz9+zpw55rKuW7dubdu2beLEiUblXNfzVLQrDTp48OCJEycqnTVhwgQ77v5/6623zP3A7+Pjs2rVqn79+tm6TQC2Ip7DcUuWLBEn+kaFIpKvXbu2d+/ebqmSMrkuAZDr2Zr69esPGzZsx44d5hZISEgwPbB5ssdT0a7Uq2vXrpU+NGbQoUOHSstXrFhhbhXT78iyS5cuTZ069Ycffqh0rp+f3+rVq+V6XAyAZcRzlbI7mMsuKSlp4cKFRoXi7F9E8scff9w1dVALdyYAdl9ci4uLs3BgHzhw4OLFi40bN5YWktl7KtqVek2fPt1yn/Hkk0+aFpaUlOzZs6fS5aOioiIjI63ce1lZmUgk/vznPxsNOm4QEhKyadOmAQMGWLlBAA4inquUfcFcdv/zP/8zduzY8vJyaaG3t/dXX30l2oMLKqAu6rsCIIjMvkGDBqYjreqJ737dunWvvvqqhb2LBmH9iQKUjHalXuPHjxd/0r1791Y6t3///k8//bRpuei5i4qKKl1l9OjR1uxXrJ6QkPDee++dP3/e3DLDhw//4osvjM4PADgV8Vyl7Avm8jp58qSI27dv35YW6s/+XZN+qI4qEwB/f/9x48Z99tln5hb49ttvpQd2QUGBUU/fqlWrwMBA+/YORaFdqdqmTZsef/xx0ztwevfuvWPHDl9fX9NVTG/uNBg4cKDl3SUnJ2/YsEF0VOZ+9RdatGjx/vvvjx071vKmAMiOeK5edgRzGWVkZAwZMuTmzZvSQu7htMxFCUBhYWFOTo60pFatWi1btrR7g3FxcRYO7NOnT6ekpHTu3NkwabQA1/U8A+1K7cT3tWfPHtETr1q16tSpUxUVFREREeJbmD59urm3xuzevbvS8mrVqvXq1cu0/NKlS4cOHfrb3/723//93xbeD+qlG+vztddee+6559z44npAs4jnqmZHMJdLenp6TEzMlStXpIU1atTYvHmzfe+E0QgXJQCmh5aDT4T06NGjffv2RuOFSSUkJBgObJ7s8VS0Kw/g7e0dp2PNwufOnbt48WKls7p3715UVJSVlSXO+MW/mZmZ4ns8fvz4hQsXqtxs165dZ8+ePX78eH9/f9tqD0AmxHO1symYy0U0G3H2f/XqVWlh3bp1d+3axehtlrkoAXDGoSUamYU3/mzcuHHZsmX6q06mYYXBfT0D7UprfvrpJ3OzDh8+HBwcbNPWmjVrJk76J0+e7LIRKgCYQzyHrU6ePDl48GCjJz0aNWq0d+/eqKgod9VKLVScAEyaNGnBggVGj3sbXL58+Ycffnj44YedtHcoAe1Ka0w7aVv5+fl17949Njb2kUce6dKliyy1AuA44jlscvjw4eHDh9+4cUNaGBERsWfPntDQUDdVSk1UnAA0a9YsOjr6wIED5hZISEjQH9hGJw3Vq1cPCwtzcO+ul5+fb+5dRaogDtQHH3xQ3m3SrrQmIyPDjrVatmzZqVOnrl279uvXr3fv3qZvAAVcjHhuingO6+3evfuJJ54wGvNn4MCBO3bsqFu3rrtqpS4qTgC8dFf3LBzYO3fuLCgoKCoqysvLk5aLBNHHx8fxvbuY+L988skn7q6F/Ro1aqSKDsNLY+1KXXJzc83NCggIaNiwYUhIyH333de0adP777+/lU54eHjt2rVdWUmgSsRzU8RzWGnt2rXPPPPMvXv3pIXjx49fs2YNz3FZzxUJwIULF/Lz86UljRs3rl+/vuNbHjNmzMyZM2/dulXp3Dt37mzevNn0ShDX9TwD7UqDLl++bG5WSkpK+/btXVkZAHIhnsNKy5Yte/31140K582b984777ilPurligTAeaNrBQYGPvroowkJCeYWELNGjRrlpL3DvWhXGmT0K51USEiIK2sCQEbEc1SpoqJi9uzZRkO7BgQErFy5csqUKe6qlXq5IgFw6rM1cXFxFg7sw4cPe3t7O2/vcCPalQbduXPH3Kw6deq4siYAZEQ8h2W3b98eP378zp07pYX169fftm3bgAED3FUrVVN9AhAdHd28eXOjF/gZiHzx0KFDzts73Ih2pUFlZWXmZjn7TZMAnId4DguuXr06fPhwo2Gg27Rpk5SUxLPadlN9AiAS90mTJi1dutTK5YODgxs1aiTX3uFGtCsNCggIKCkpqXTWrVu3atWq5eL6AJAF8RzmZGZmxsbGZmdnSwsHDBiwffv2oKAgd9XKAzg9ASgvL09PT5eW+Pr6RkREyLiLKVOmWH9gqzetF/Hob3/7m7trYT+RrMu4NdqVNtWsWdNcAlBQUEACALUgnksRz2HO4cOHR44cafT0V1xc3JdffsmAPw5yegIgUjej23bDwsKqVasm4y7atm37wAMPWHhFqJR6D2zxR4uJiXF3LZRCa+2qoqJi//79u3fvPnbs2NmzZ2/evClK6tat27p1627duo0YMWLw4MGmt7F6npCQEHPPAefk5DRp0sTF9QHsQzyX0lQ8J5hbb8uWLeJcX/qjj/jLLFq0aMGCBW6slcdwegLgmrfriSaihAMbLqOpdrV+/fq33norKyvLqPyqzpEjRz777DPRX77zzjtjx451XjWUIDQ01OiXQoPTp0/37t3bxfUB4DjtxHOCufU+/PDDV199VWRHhhKRE37zzTfjxo1zY608iYckAOPHj58zZ05paWmVS5IAeAaNtKtbt25NnDhx165dVS559uxZERa3bt26du1aD37TbWRk5A8//FDprOTk5GnTprm4PgAcp4V4TjC3njjpf+mllz799FNpYYMGDb7//vs+ffq4q1aex0MSgKCgoGHDhm3fvt3yYt7e3uIEQva9w/W00K5EhxEdHX3s2DFDSdu2bV955ZXBgwc3bdq0pKQkPT1906ZNK1asMFw9F33GxYsX9+3b56ndRvfu3c3NEn1DWVkZd4UCquPx8Zxgbj2RoU2aNEn896WFrVq12rt3r7xPnsBDEgAv3SM+VR7Y999/f82aNZ2xd7iYFtrVE088Ie0wxo4du3btWsN9seJMt4fO008/HRsbm5ubqy8/fPhwXFzcli1bZK+PEsTExIjuWXpR2ODGjRuJiYmTJ092fa0AOMLj4znB3EoFBQUjR448ePCgtLB79+5JSUkNGzZ0V608lXMTgOLiYqORmwIDA0Um54x9Pfzww8HBwdeuXbOwDPf/eAYttKsVK1bs3bvXMNmrV69169b5+VVywIaHh+/bt090HoWFhfqS77777uuvvxZ9iey1cjvRB/Tu3Ts5ObnSuXPnzh09erQsYwFduXLlgw8+OH36tOh4eCAPcB6Pj+cEcytdvHhx6NChRtngsGHDNm3aJJqEu2rlwZybAKSmphr9VhcZGemk3lQcTuPGjVu+fLmFZUgAPIPHt6sbN268+eabhknxX1u5cmWlHYZe27ZtFy9e/NJLLxlK3njjjccff9wjX4771FNPmUsARP8h5iYmJvr4+Ni9fbGRZcuWiT/47du3xaT4/Nprr9m9NQCWeXY8J5hbKSMjY8iQITk5OdLCZ599VqRPjsRzWODcBMBl1/X0pkyZYvnA7tSpk/P2Dpfx+Hb18ccf5+fnGyZjY2Or/A/Gx8cvXbr0ypUr+slr1659+umnHjlW2sSJExcuXHjhwoVK527dunXy5MmrV6+2YwzBAwcOfPHFF99///3du3cNheLsxP66AqiKZ8dzgrmV+vbte/36daPCVTouq0N5ebnL9qUEHpUAdOvWLSIiIi0tzdwCXAHwDJ7drsrKysRpqLRk0qRJVa4VEBAgFvvwww8NJStWrJg7d66Fn5pUSpzZL168+JlnnjG3wMaNG3/66ae//vWvQ4cOtWaDGRkZ27dvFzlDZmamtFz86UQ3/PLLLztaYwDmeXA8J5hbz/TsH87mUQmAl26gX3GcVDqrevXqPELuGTy7Xe3bt8/w24+X7pKxlSeyjz76qLTPuHTp0v79+61cV1309/mI/525BbKysh5++OHOnTuPGTOmd+/e4gsKDg4W31RJSUlxcfG1a9d+++03cbp/9OjR5OTks2fPmm4hLCxs/fr1PXr0cOb/A4Anx3OCOZTM0xIAkTfPmzev0us44eHh3EnmGTy7XX333XfSyYiIiHr16lmzYs+ePWvWrFlUVGQo2bp1q6f2GRs3bnzggQfOnTtnYZkUHVu37Ovr+9xzzy1ZsoQRwwAX8OB4TjCHksmWANy4cSMzM/Ps2bOZOvoPeXl5RouJoyssLExk2IZ/hfr168tVjSZNmjz44IOV/jTI/T9qpMF2deDAAelk586drVxRnLmKhQ8fPmxuU56kQYMG4ut46KGHjMYPcZDod1esWNGlSxcZtwlAT2vxnGAOJXM0Adi5c+fSpUsrPYYrJRb7SUdaGBQUJA7vJUuWxMTEOFgfL90jPiQAaqfZdpWbm3v+/HlpSbt27axfXVRG2mfk5OSIDYaGhspWPyW5//77k5OTJ02aZOFeIOtFRUUtWrRoxIgRjm8KgJQ24znBHArnaAKwbdu2f//73w5uJD8//+jRo7KM3u2lu3kuPj7+1q1bRuUkACqi2XZ14sQJo5IWLVpYv3rr1q2NSlJSUjy4z7jvvvv27dv35ZdfLliw4OrVq3ZswcfHZ+jQoTNnzoyNjZW9egC8tBrPCeZQOEcTAHFAylIPX1/fqKgoWTZVo0aNxx57bM2aNUblJAAqotl2ZXo7rDjHtX71Jk2amG7Q43/VnjZt2sSJE7/55huRCZw6dcqaVby9vXv06DF69Ohx48bZ1CsDsJU24znBHArnaAKgzEGyV+u4uxawn2bblekd7UFBQdavHhwcbFRi+TFZjxEYGDhTJysr6+9//7s44Thz5sz58+fz8vKKi4t9fHzq1asn/pLNmzfv2rVr9+7d+/bt27hxY3fXGtAEbcZzgrlNtDYGvxJ48rCygOoYvQdRsHLUCL2GDRtWuUHP1lpn2rRp7q4IAE0jmEPhSAAABZEOGq1nU59h+qOR6QYBAM5GMIfCkQAACmI6Ska1atWsX7169epGJdK30AMAXINgDoUjAQAUpLCw0KjE39/f+tUDAgKMSgoKChytEwDARgRzKBwJAKAgpaWlRiUO9hklJSWO1gkAYCOCORSOBABQkLKyMqMSm/oM00vMphsEADgbwRwKRwIAKIi3t3dFRYW0REyKQitXv3fvnukG5akZAMBqBHMoHAkAoCD+/v5G13nLyspMrwWbY3rR2fp1AQByIZhD4UgAAAWpVq2avH2GTeNOAABkQTCHwpEAAApSt25do6EebLrv07TPsGnkaQCALAjmUDgSAEBB6tevf/78eWlJcXGx9XH/1q1bRiU2vXweACALgjkUjgQAUJBGjRqdPHlSWpKfn9+kSRMrV7969arpBuWpGQDAagRzKBwJAKAgoaGhRiU2vf3x2rVrVW4QAOBsBHMoHAkAoCCtW7c2Krlx44b1q5v+aGS6QQCAsxHMoXAkAICCdOzY0ajkwoUL1q9udMtppRsEADgbwRwKRwIAKEjXrl2NSnJycqxf/ezZs0YlnTt3drBKAABbEcyhcCQAgIKEhISEhYVJQ39aWpr1q586dUo6KTYlNihb5QAA1iGYQ+FIAABliYmJkfYZJ06csHLFoqKi1NRUo03JWTMAgNUI5lAyEgBAWcaMGbNy5UrDZG5u7vnz55s3b17ligcPHrx796605NFHH5W/fgAAKxDMoWQkAICyREdHN23a9I8//jCUJCUlzZgxo8oVv/vuO+lkkyZNHnzwQfnrBwCwAsEcSkYCACiLr69vfHz8ggULDCUJCQlV9hk3b97cvHmztESsIjbllCoCAKpCMIeSkQAAivP8889//PHHhhfBHDly5ODBgwMHDrSwyrJly4qKigyTwcHBs2fPdm4tAQAWEcyhWCQAgOLUqVPn3XffnT59uqFk5syZP//8c/Xq1Std/tixYx988IG0ZMmSJWIjzq0lAMAigjkUiwQAUKJp06bt2rVr9+7d+sm0tLQxY8Zs2bIlMDDQaMkTJ04MGzastLTUUDJq1KhnnnnGdXUFAJhBMIcykQAACrVhw4bo6Ohjx47pJ/fu3dupU6dXX311yJAhTZs2FZ3E6dOnxTIrV66Udhh9+vRZv369m6oMADBGMIcCkQAAClWrVq2///3v48aNE72FviQ7Ozs+Pt7CKk888cQ333xj7uIyAMD1COZQIBIAQLlq166dlJQkuoG33nrr/PnzFpYMDw9/++23GSsaABSIYA6lIQEAlG7q1KmTJ09O0jl27Nhvv/1WWFjo5+dXr169Nm3a9OjR45FHHhk0aJC7qwkAsIRgDuUgAQBUQPQQI3XcXREAgP0I5lAIEgAAAABAQ0gAAAAAAA0hAQAAAAA0hAQAAAAA0BASAAAAAEBDSAAAAAAADSEBAAAAADSEBAAAAADQEBIAAAAAQENIAAAAAAANIQEAAAAANIQEAAAAANAQEgAAAABAQ0gAAAAAAA0hAQAAAAA0hAQAAAAA0BASAAAAAEBDSAAAAAAADSEBAAAAADSEBAAAAADQEBIAAAAAQENIAAAAAAANIQEAAAAANIQEAAAAANAQEgAAAABAQ/4f9lG3w5eY6GQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Ядроның орташа өмір сүру уақыты жартылай ыдырау периодына тең.
Уақыт бірлігі ішінде ыдырайтын ядролар санымен анықталатын шаманы радиоактивтізаттың активтілігі деп атайды.
1 беккерель –уақыт бірлігі 1 с ішінде бір ыдырау болатын радиоактивті препараттың активтілігі.
Өлшем бірлігі – беккерель [Бк].
Практикада қолданылатын өлшем бірлік кюри [Ки]
1 Ки=3,7·1010 Бк;
1мКи=3,7·107 Бк
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |