Современная наука: новые подходы и актуальные исследования

204 
Reading is a receptive type of speech activity. Speech activity 
is an active, purposeful, mediated by the language system and 
determined by the situation of communication, the process of 
transmitting and receiving a message. Reading is the process of 
perception and semantic processing of information graphically 
encoded to the system of a particular language. Thus, in reading a 
content plan (the meaning of the text) and a procedural plan (how to 
read and voice the text) are distinguished. In terms of content, the 
result of the activity will be the understanding of the text. In the 
procedural one, the process of reading is correlation of graphemes 
with phonemes, formation of internal speech hearing, etc. In order to 
proceed to a meaningful plan (i.e., understanding), it is necessary to 
work out a procedural reading plan well. 
In the structure of reading as an activity, one can single out a 
motive (communication using the printed word), a goal (obtaining 
information that interests the reader), conditions of activity 
(mastering the graphic system of the language and methods of 
extracting information) and a result (understanding the text with 
varying degrees of accuracy). Structurally, reading, like any speech 
activity, is characterized by a level character, which determines the 
phased work on learning to read. Most methodologists distinguish 
the following stages in teaching reading: 
1) motivational and incentive; 
2) analytical and synthetic; 
3) control and executive. 
According to the new educational program, teaching of 
reading the text is necessary since the second grade of school; the 
volume of a text for reading is about 100 words. Exercises used at 
the initial stage include, for instance, reading aloud proverbs, 
sayings, poems; drawing up words and sentences from the split 
alphabet; filling in gaps of letters (b…e → bye or f…ne→fi ne); 
filling in the gaps in the sentence with suitable words. 
At the middle and senior stages of schooling, reading 
techniques are adjusted and improved. The level of development of 
reading skills and abilities can be considered sufficiently high if the 
student: 
– automatically uses reading rules; 
– knows how to articulate and intotone correctly; 

205 
– instantly determines the graphic image by the auditory-
motor one and vice versa; 
– owns the mechanisms of visual coverage of the 
compositional (structural) features of the text, combination. 
Reading aloud should also take place at an advanced stage of 
learning. This is a good phonetic exercise and contributes to the 
development of speaking skills (it is useful to use phonetic markup). 
At the senior stages of training, it is necessary to provide exercises 
aimed at developing fluency in reading to oneself. It is important to 
do this work regularly. To increase the speed of reading, two 
conditions are necessary: 1) regularity of reading; 2) the presence of 
light interesting texts during the formation of reading skills. 
There are three ways (stages) to learn to read: by reading 
whole words, whole phrases and sentences and reading the text. 

жүктеу/скачать 4,99 Mb.

Достарыңызбен бөлісу: