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Бухина пособие автоматизация и управление (1) (1)
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- History of the word "cybernetics"
| UNIT THREE
Texts: History of the word “cybernetics”; The History of Cybernetics; Cybernetics; The Heritage and Revival of Cybernetics; Сфера кибернетики; Обратная связь Grammar: The Complex Subject and the Complex Object; the Construction for + infinitive Memorize the words: Rudder – руль to assure – убеждать; уверять; обеспечивать; гарантировать root – корень to denote – обозначать, означать to manage – управлять Translate the text and tell what the word “cybernetics” stands for: History of the word "cybernetics" Cybernetics is the discipline that studies communication and control in living beings and the machines built by man. A more philosophical definition, suggested by Louis Couffignal in 1958, considers cybernetics as "the art of assuring efficiency of action". The word cybernetics was reinvented by Norbert Wiener in 1948 from the Greek kubernetes, pilot, or rudder. The word was first used by Plato in the sense of "the art of steering" or "the art of government ". Ampère used the word cybernetics to denote "the study of ways of governing." One of the very first cybernetics mechanisms to control the speed of the steam engine, invented by James Watt and Matthew Boulton in 1788, was called a governor, or a ball regulator. Cybernetics has in fact the same root as government: the art of managing and directing highly complex systems. 3. Memorize the words: a cone shaped float – конусообразный поплавок to run dry – работать всухую self-regulatory device – саморегулирующееся устройство knowledge management – управление знаниями to keep great minds busy – занимать умы великий людей a holding tank – бак-сборник 4.Translate the text and speak about the history of cybernetics: жүктеу/скачать 464,87 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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