Учебная программа одобрена учебно-методическом бюро факультета

Semey State Pedagogical Institute

The department of practical course of state and foreign languages

« Professional focused foreign language »

The physics-mathematics faculty

Specialty: physics

For students of the 3^rd course

Educational-methodical complex

Семей - 2013.

1. 
   РАЗРАБОТАНО
   

Составитель _______«__3__»___09_____2013г. Б.С.Желдыбаева, старший преподаватель кафедры физики, к.п.н.

кафедры физики Государственного университета имени Шакарима г. Семей

2. ОБСУЖДЕНО

2.1 На заседании кафедры «Физики» Государственного университета имени Шакарима г. Семей
Протокол № 1от «__3_»_ __09____2013 г.

Зав. кафедрой __________ д.п.н., профессор С.С. Маусымбаев

2.2 Учебная программа одобрена учебно-методическом бюро факультета

Протокол № 1 от «_11__»__09_____2013 г.

Председатель ______ К.А. Батырова

3. УТВЕРЖДЕНО

Одобрено и рекомендовано к изданию на заседании учебно-методического совета университета

Протокол № 1от «__18_»_ __09____2013 г.
Председатель УМС ______ Г.К. Искакова

4. Введено взамен редакции №2 от._13.09______20 г.

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2004

5. С.А. Шаншиева. Английский язык для математиков. Издательство Московского университета 1976
6. Английский файл, продолжающая книга для студентов. English file.

Intermediate Student's Book .- Oxford University Press, 2004.

7.Английский файл, продолжающая книга для студентов. English file.

Intermediate Work Book .- Oxford University Press, 2004..

II. 1.Р.И. Резник. грамматика английского языка :.М.Иностранный язык: Оникс 21Век 2003

2.. Сасенова У.К. English Grammar Ағылшын тілінен грамматикалық жаттығулар мен тест жинағы (тілдік емес мамандықтарға арналған) Семей 2008

3. Колодяжная Л. Познакомьтесь: Великобритания : Книга для чтения на английском языке / Л. Колодяжная; Под ред. Заниной Е.Л.- 2-е изд., испр.- М.: Рольф, 2001.

4.Модальные глаголы в английской речи : Учебное пособие /

Составители: Л.К. Голубева, Н. М. Пригоровская, Г.И.Туголукова.- М.:

Менеджер, 2004.

5. Корнеева Е.А. Практика английского языка. Сборник упражнений по устной речи. / Е.А. Корнеева, Н.Е. Баграмова.- СПб.: Союз, 2003

6. Практика английского языка.Сборник упражнений по грамматике.

/ Блинова С.И.,Чарекова Е.П.,Чернышева Г.С.,Синицкая Е.И.- СПб.: Союз,

2004.

7. Мюллер В.К. Русско-английский словарь:50 000 слов=Russian-English

10.Барановская Т.В. Грамматика английского языка. Сборник упражнений: Учебное пособие / Т.В. Барановская.- Москва: Логос, 2004.

1. to acquaint with need of the education of this subject

2. to develop student’s speech connected with professional interest.

3. To encourage the interest to studying of this subject

Lexicology is a part of linguistics, the science of the word. “Lexics” in Greek means having to do with words and “logos” –studying, learning.

Lexicology of Modern English investigates the problems of a word structure and word-formation, the scientific structure of words, the relations between varies lexical layers of the vocabulary, the source and the growth of the English vocabulary, the changes it has undergone in its history.

Words can be studied from different viewpoints. The general study of words and vocabulary of language universals is known as General Lexicology.

There is Special lexicology which deals with the description of the characteristic peculiarities of a given language. The evolution of any vocabulary is studied by historical lexicology. It investigates the origin of words, their change, development, structure, meaning and usage.

Descriptive lexicology studies the vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its development. Lexicology is closely connected with phonetics, stylistics, grammar, the history of the language. Lexicology as a branch of linguistics has its own names and methods of scientific research; its basic task is a study and systematic description of a vocabulary, the origin of words, the development and current use. Lexicology is concerned with words, variable word-group, phraseological units and morphemes which make up words and their meanings.

When a person leaves high school, he must choose his future profession.

It isn’t an easy task to make the right choice of future profession and a job at once. We know leaving school is the beginning of the independent life, the start a more examination of a man’s abilities and character.

Finishing school is the beginning of the independent life for the millions school leavers. Many roads are open to them: technical schools, institutes and universities. But it is not an easy thing to choose a profession out of more than 2000 existing professions in the world.

Some pupils follow the advice of their parents, others can’t decide even after leaving school. Choosing the kind of you will have career to follow is probably one of the most important decisions you will ever make. Before you make this decision you will have to do a lot of thinking about who you are, about the things you like to do and the things you do well. It is an advantage to choose a future career while at school. It gives a goal to work towards and enables to choose a right, suitable course of study. When deciding your future you must be realistic about your interests and abilities. I deal with computers.

As for me I would like to be a physicist. To my mind, it is a very noble profession. It is very difficult to be a good teacher of physics. In high school my favorite subject was physics. I have always been interested in physics.

This year I have passed entrance competitive exams successfully and now I am a first -year student of State University in Semey city. I study at Physics - Mathematics Department. Now I am a first-term (semester) student and study the Physics. I find my work in the lab very helpful. Besides, I must go to the library. I am going to look through physics journals and periodicals there.

The post graduate course runs for three years. During this period a post graduate must work a lot. He must have two or three articles on the subject of his research published. At the end of the third year the post graduate defends his dissertations. But he must present the abstract of it.

1. 
   What would you like to be?
   
2. 
   Say a few words about favorite subjects at school
   
3. 
   Was it easy for you to choose a profession?
   
4. 
   When did you decide to choose this profession?
   
5. 
   Who helped you to make your choice?
   
6. 
   Why have you chosen this profession?
   
7. 
   Do you like physics? Why?
   
8. 
   What quality must a good specialist of your profession possess?
   

Physics, mathematics, geometry, mathematician, algebra, radio, mechanism, technology, centre, parallel, analysis, physicist, problem.

calculus, to sophisticate, conductor, to attain, demand, applicability, transformation, magnitude, visible, experimental, algebraic, molecular, simplify, shorten, normalize, locate, technique,

To account, to accustom, to acquire, to avoid, to claim, to communicate, to confuse, to contribute, to deal with, to denote, to design, to determine, to distinguish, to elaborate, to evaluate

To tell, to say, to speak, to give, to keep, to make, to lead, to begin, to be, to do, to choose, to know.

V. State the parts of speech and undertine the suffixes:

Science, information, to function, engagement, to circulate, biological, preven­tive, digestion, constructor, possibility, to repeat, knowledge, various, specialize, to inform.sciences

This question was answered (by Assima)

1. They won’t study this problem. 2. They read this newspaper. 3. They attended professor Ivanov’s lectures on Mondays and Fridays. 4. Amina worked hard at her English last semester. 5. Dauren will go to London next time. 6. She can repeat these questions. 7. Our friend reads English newspapers every day. 8. She will attend classes next week
Methodical recommendations:

1. Read the text and try to understand it.

2. Look up the words you do not know in a dictionary.

3. Lead and support the conversation with partner.

4. Write a short composition about your future profession using questions.
Literature:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

1. to acquire the special text with the aim learning the necessary information.

2. to learn lexical minimum and to use it in practice.

3. to try to communicate in English.

Terminology thus denotes a discipline which systematically studies the labelling or designating of concepts particular to one or more subject fields or domains of human activity, through research and analysis of terms in context, for the purpose of documenting and promoting consistent usage. This study can be limited to one language or can cover more than one language at the same time (multilingual terminology, bilingual terminology, and so forth) or may focus on studies of terms across fields

Matter may exist as a solid, a liquid or a gas. The same substance, such as water, may exist in any of these forms. Water is a liquid but if it is cold enough it can become a solid, ice, and if it is hot enough it can become steam, or gaseous water.

The reason for the difference in these states of matter is heat. Heat is not matter. It is a form of energy of the molecules and atoms of matter.

As already stated, matter may exist in three states: 1) the solid state, 2) the liquid state, 3) the gaseous state. If a solid is heated sufficiently, it can be made to melt, liquefy or vaporize. As a vapour, it is in the gaseous state. If, on the other hand, a gas is cooled sufficiently, it will condense and become a liquid. The continued cooling of a liquid will cause it to solidify or freeze. In the case of water, nature performs all these changes of state: ice is melted to become water, and water is vaporized to become steam; water vapour or clouds condense to become rain, and rain freezes to become ice. Although it may sometimes require extreme heat or extreme cold, all substances can be transformed from any one state to another.

solid, liquid , gas, substance, gaseous, energy, molecules, atoms, sufficiently, liquefy, vaporize, condense, solidify, freeze, steam.

Complete, completeness, spherical, electric, electricity, relative, relativity, different, difference, variety, various, easily, typical, repulsive, repulsion, propagate, usually, propagation, motion, movement, distant, distance, normally, horizontal, horizontally, longitude.

State, exist, solidify, perform, vaporize, condense, require, transform.

A building block, a spherical form, a specific material, various states, a variety of forms, a physical property, a longitudinal wave, a straight line, a wave machine, a perpendicular line, the musical instrument, the longitudinal vibrations, the relative positions, the simple relations.

1. May matter exist as a solid or a liquid? 2. May it exist as a gas? 3. What are the three states of matter? 4. May water exist as a solid? 5. May it exist as a gas? 6. Can water become steam? 7. Can water become ice or steam when it is hot enough? 8. Is heat a form of energy? 9. What is heat? 10. What changes does nature perform in the case of water? 11. Under what conditions does ice become water? 12. Under what conditions do clouds become rain? 13. When does rain become ice? 14. What is required for transformation of a substance from one state to another?

1. Read the text and add some facts about mathematics

2. Do lexical exercise with the help of dictionary

3. Write a short composition about physics science

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

1. to read and to understand the text on sspecialty

2. to enlarge lexical minimum and enrich lexicon on a subject

3. to interest students in studying professional focused foreign language

• 
  ability, - ibility: probability, possibility.
  
• 
  age: passage, marriage
  
• 
  ance,ence: importance, difference
  
• 
  dom: freedom
  
• 
  er,or: teacher, worker
  
• 
  ion: collection, connection
  
• 
  ism: tourism
  
• 
  ist: physicist,artist
  
• 
  ment: agreement
  
• 
  th: depth, growth
  
• 
  ty: safety
  
• 
  ure: creature, mixture
  

The building blocks of matter are atoms. Atoms are approximately spherical with diameters of the order of 10 – 10 ??? m. They consist of a minute, dense, positively charged nucleus. The nucleus consists of heavy, uncharged neutrons and positively charged protons of nearly equal mass. Around the nucleus there is a cloud of light (approximately 10-27g), negatively charhed electrons. As isolated atoms are electrically neutral, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

Atoms may associate and form a specific material. Ice (a solid), water (a liquid), and water vapour (a gas) are examples of three states matter
Tasks and questions:

I. a) Read and guess the meaning of these words;

b) Underline the suffixes of words;

c) Divide them into four columns: noun, adjective, adverb and verb.

Important- importance, present – presence, automatic – automation, system- systematic- systematically, various- variance, to graduate- graduation, usually- usual, to thank-thankful, electric-electricity, to solve-solvable, simple- to simplify, symbol- to symbolize, to close- closure, long- length, short – to shorten, to know- knowledge.

1. What do we know about the form of an atom?

2. What is the diameter of an atom?

3. What do we know about the nucleus of an atom?

4. What is the charge of a proton?

5. What is the mass of a proton and a neutron?

6. What is the mass of an electron?

7. What do you know an isolated atom?

8. What are examples of three common states of matter?

9. What do ice, water and steam consist of?

1. All the scientists of the world accepted the theory. 2. The scientist has attributed

the change in the properties to the change of the surroundings. 3. We haven't known

the reason for the surd’s radiation, 4. The scientist had performed several experiments

to prove his theory. 5. They haven't recognized our work first. 6. We study the

problems first then solve them. 7. They don't require different kinds of material for

the experiments. 8. The scientists split the nucleus. 9. The rays are striking the

surface. 10.We were working out the new design of our laboratory at that time. 11.

That scientist has not convinced us of his ideas. 12. The wind had altered its direction

by then. 13. They were applying the results of the experiment to practice.

about its axis). 2. The current in the loop would be reversed in direction if (sliding

contacts and a split­ting commutator to be used.). 3. They would know the principle

upon which ammeters and voltmeters operate, if they (to know that of the motor).

4. The rotation of a permanent magnet would be restrained, if (a coil of fine copper

wire to be mounted between the two poles of it). 5. The restoring force would be

greater if (the coil to be turned from its equilibrium position). 6. The resultant

magnetic field between the coil and the magnet would be distorted, if (we increase the

current through the moving coil of an ammeter or voltmeter). 7. Very delicate

ammeters would have been used, if we (to have to measure very small currents). 8. We

should have used an electromagnet if we (to require a uniform field of great strength).

9. We should be able to define the mechanical force if we (to know the force exerted

by the magnetic induction upon the individual moving electrons within the

conductor). 10. We should have used an electroscope if we (to be to measure the

electrical potential of a charged body).
Methodical recommendations:

1. Read the text and try to understand it.

2 Look up the words you do not know in a dictionary.

3. Lead and support the conversation with partner.

4. Write a short composition about your future profession using questions.
Literature:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

1. to read and to understand the text on sspecialty

2. to enlarge lexical minimum and enrich lexicon on a subject

3. to interest students in studying professional focused foreign language

• 
  able,ible: changeable
  
• 
  al: cental
  
• 
  ant,ent: different, resistant
  
• 
  ful: careful
  
• 
  ic: heroic
  
• 
  ive: active
  
• 
  less: helpless
  
• 
  ous: dangerous
  
• 
  y: cloudy
  

1. An Ion is an atom or group of atoms with an electric charge.

2. A normal atom is electrically neutral. In other words, there are as many protons in the nucleus as there are electrons which rotate around the nucleus.

3. A hydrogen atom has one proton and one electron; nitrogen has seven protons and seven electrons; oxygen has eight protons and eight electrons and so on.

4. The electrons that rotate around the nuclei form an interesting pattern. They are not all in the same plane, but follow closed paths, first a small one quite near the nucleus, then a wider one outside that, and so on. The first path, or ring, may contain no more than 2 electrons; the second ring may contain no more than 8; the third ring 8; in some cases, 18, the next one 18, and so on. In most atoms the inner rings have their full complements of electrons, but the other ring lacks one or more electrons.

5. When an electron leaves an atom, it destroys electrical balance. The atom becomes an ion.

6. To repeat – a normal atom has electrical balance. An ion may have its outer rings of electrons complete; in other words it may have structural balance but it does not have electrical balance.
Tasks and questions:

.

I. Read these international words and give their equivalents:

Atom, proton, hydrogen atom, nitrogen, electron, electrical balance, ion, structural balance

II. Make the adjectives from these nouns. Translate them.

axis, atom, brilliance, bulk, biology, physics, cloud, centre, dif­ference, explosion, east,

electron, element, energy, force, friend, gas, horizon, idea, ion, isotope, ice, leak, law,

molecule, metal, north, nature, nucleus, power, plenty, relation, rain, reason, size,

speed, scientist, theory, west, wind.
III. Give:

b) some examples of adjectives with suffixes- ful; -ic; - ive;

c) some examples of adjectives with suffixes – al; - less;

d) some examples of adjectives with suffixes- ous, - ent; - ant.
IV. Arrange the following words into columns according to the parts of speech.

Ion, normal, electrically, nucleus, first, quite, wider, third, ring, rotate, second, become, electrical, structural, balance, path, may.

1. 
   to discover {v)), discoverer (n), discovery (n)
   
2. 
   to value (v), value (n), valuable (adj)
   
3. 
   to construct (v), construction (n), constructive (adj)
   
4. 
   importance (n), important (adj)
   
5. 
   to know (v), knowledge (n)
   
6. 
   to develop (v), developer (n), development (n)
   
7. 
   to vary (v), variety (n); variation (n), various (adj), variable (adj)
   
8. 
   mystery (n), mysterious (adj)
   
9. 
   to observe (v), observer (n), observation (n)
   
10. 
    to specialize (v), specialist (n), speciality (n), special (adj).
    

1. An Ion is an atom or group of atoms with an electric charge. 2. A normal atom is electrically neutral. 3. A hydrogen atom has one proton and one electron. 4. The electrons that rotate around the nuclei form an interesting pattern. 5. When an electron leaves an atom, it destroys electrical balance. 6. The atom becomes an ion.

1. An Ion is an atom or group of atoms …. 2. In other words, there are as many protons in the nucleus as there are electrons which …. 3. A hydrogen atom has …. 4. The electrons that rotate around …. 5. Nitrogen has seven protons … 6. Oxygen has eight protons and …

7. When an electron leaves an atom, it …. 8 The atom becomes …. 9. To repeat – a normal atom has ….
Methodical recommendations:

1. Read the text and translate it. Look up the words you do not know in a dictionary

2. Do lexical exercises

3. Asking and answering the questions on this subject

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

1. to read and to understand the text on sspecialty

2. to enlarge lexical minimum and enrich lexicon on a subject

3. to interest students in studying professional focused foreign language

-ate,ute: to indicate, to execute

- en: to sharpen, to blacken

- ify: to simplfy, to classify

- ise,ize: to characterize, to crystallize

Text: Radiation

1. 
   When the sun comes over the horizon in the early morning, the heat can be felt as soon as the sun becomes visible. This heat, called radiant heat or radiation, travels with the speed of light, 186,000 mi/s.
   
2. 
   Radiant heat is one of the many forms of energy and is easily detected by means of a radiometer, thermocouple, thermometer, and so on. In daylight, the little pinwheel made of mica, will spin around as if by perpetual motion.
   
3. 
   Each vane of a Crooke’s radiometer is shiny on one face and blackened on the other. The black faces absorb more radiant energy than the polished surfaces, so that the air around is heated. The faster spinning air molecules exert a larger force on the blackened sides.
   
4. 
   Radiant heat ray, like visible light, are electromagnetic waves and have all the general properties known to visible light. The difference between the two is that heat waves, sometimes called intra-red rays, are not visible to the human eye.
   

Heat, radiant, visible, speed, radiometer, thermocouple, thermometer, pinwheel, perpetual, property,

1. 
   some examples of verbs with suffixes- ize, - en; - fy.
   

Secret , to construct , function , information , problems, biology, method, con­trol, million, vaccine, penicillin, sulfa product, laboratory, result, circulation, ex­periment, accurate, discuss, inform, faculty , botany, anatomy, microbiology, physi­ology, zoology, philosophy, genetics, museum, modern, mathematics, physics, spe­cialization.

A melting substance, a vaporizing liquid, a solidifying liquid, rotating electrons, a rotating plane, the heated solid, a condensed gas, solidified water, melted ice, destroyed balance, the substances transformed, the work made, the problem studied, the molecule formed.

1. When can heat be usually felt? 2. What is the radiation? 3. What is the speed of radiation?

4. By what means radiation detected? 5. In what way is a Crooke’s radiometer constructed?

6. Why are the faces of a Crooke’s radiometer blackened? 7 In what way do air molecules travel? 8. Why are the general properties of radiant heat rays and those of visible light the same? 9. What is the difference between heat waves and light waves? 11. What are heat waves sometimes called?

1. Read the text and translate it. Look up the words you do not know in a dictionary

2. Do lexical exercises

3. Asking and answering the questions on this subject

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

1. to acquire the special text with the aim learning the necessary information.

2. to learn lexical minimum and to use it in practice.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject

• 
  ly: easily, daily
  

1. On August 6, 1945 the first atomic bomb destroyed the Japa­nese city of Hiroshima.

Since then the peoples of the world have been eager for news of anything

concerning atoms. We have learned to think of the atom as a very small piece of

matter that can be broken into even smaller pieces; we have become familiar with

many sub-atomic particles, like protons and neutrons, positrons, mesons and

electrons.
2. Inside the atom, these particles are rotating one about the other. The atom, which
was long regarded as a very small piece of "solid" matter, has become a miniature
solar system. In its centre is the "sun", a heavy nucleus which contains the bulk of
the sub-atomic particles. Around this nucleus are rotating the electrons,, like planets
round their sun.
3. Much of the importance of the atom lies in its nucleus. It is the nucleus of the atom
that is split; it is the nucleus that releases new types of particle from time to time; and
it is the nucleus that provides us with atomic energy.
Tasks and questions:

I. Read the text and try to understand it.
II. Translate and transcribe these words:

Bomb, nucleus, concerning, protons, neutrons, positrons, mesons, electrons, nucleus, importance, split, miniature, bulk.

Easy, heavy, rare, tremendous, careful, perfect, incident, slow, great, dark, like, human, nice, wide, full, extreme, spherical, equal, true, bad, good, real, exact, approximate, inclusive, scientific, definite, different, special, certain, common, fundamental, apparent.

IV.Translate the following words bearing in mind the meaning of the affixes and memorize them:

1. 
   to specialise (v), specialist (n), speciality (n), special (adj)
   
2. 
   specialization (n), especially (adv)
   
3. 
   science (n), scientist (n), scientific (adj), scientifically (adv)
   
4. 
   to include (v), to exclude (v), inclusion (n), inclusive (adj)
   
5. 
   to derive (v), derivation (n), derivative (adj)
   
6. 
   to divide (v), division (n), divisor (n), divisible (adj)
   
7. 
   to define (v), definition (n), definite (adj)
   
8. 
   to differ (v), difference (n), different (adj), differently (adv) indifference (n), indifferent (adj).
   
9. 
   to resemble (v), resemblance (n)
   

1. When was Hiroshima. destroyed? 2. In what way was it destroyed? 3. Since what time have the peoples of the world been eager for news about atoms? 4. In what way have we learned to think of an atom? 5. With what kind of particles have we become familiar? 6. What have we learned about the inside of the atom? 7. .In what way do we think of the atom now?8. Why is the nucleus so important?

1. The atomic theory has become the basis of modern physics. 2. The scientist has explained the fundamental difference in the atoms. 3. Black velvet can be considered a black body. 4. Due to the unequal exchange of heat, the temperature of the body’s changes. 5. The law has been derived from theory. 6. Radiation is easily detected by means of a radiometer. 7. The circulation of air is altered by the earth’s rotation.

1. Read the text and to try to understand without the dictionary.

2. Discuss the text with your group mates.

3. Write a short composition about Arithmetic.

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

1. to acquaint with history of mathematics and with the scientists in the field of mathematics

2. to develop communication on foreign language connecting with culture, policy and society

3.to communicate with partner on the subject

2. So, less than a century after science had been reorganized by the atomic theory, the indivisible, indestructible atoms were beginning to fall apart. The atom of any element remained the smallest particle of that element which could maintain an independent existence; but even so, it could be disrupted into smaller particles, apparently electrical in nature.

3. This link- up between electricity and matter was to cause a revolution in the world of science. Yet it has not taken us very much further in our attempts to answer the question ”What is matter?” the recognition of matter as electricity does little more than gives a name for something that had not been named before.
Tasks and questions:

I. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary.
II. Give:

b) some examples of adjectives with suffixes- ful; -ic; - ive;

c) some examples of adverbs with suffixes – ly; - wards;

d) some examples of verbs with suffixes- ize, - en; - fy.
III. Pick up unknown words from the text and transcribe them. Do it in writing.
IV.Supply the Infinitives of the following verbs:

told, gave, known, made, led, came, thought, taken, called, climbed, put, written, included, defined, saw

1. 
   In what way had the electron been considered by the turn of the century? 2. How was the electron characterized? 3. When was it that atoms were beginning to fall apart? 4. What particle was considered the smallest particle of any element? 5. Why is it that electricity was to cause a revolution in science? 6. In what way can the question “what is matter” be answered?
   

1The scientist had designed the devices before. 2. The scientist had been designing the device for several months you learned about it. 3. The rays had deflected from their path by that time. 4. The rays had been deflecting from their path for a period of time. 5. They had broken the block into several parts.6. They had been breaking the block into parts. 7. The sun had risen over the horizon by. 8. The sun had been rising over the horizon for some time when we started.

1. Read the text and retell it.

2. Answer the questions and do the tasks belong the text

3. Use a dictionary and enlarge lexical knowledge

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

anti-: anticyclone

in,il ir-: incapable, illegal, irresponsible

un-: unpleasant

co-: co-author

en-: enlarge

ex-: ex-champion

inter-: interaction

mis-: to misunderstand

pre-: pre-historic

re-: to reread

under-: to undervalue

1. to learn to take the necessary information from the read text and to use it in informal conversation

2. to transfer the own thought in foreign language.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject

1. It has long been known that when experiments are to be per-formed, one cannot

rely too much upon the human senses of touch, sight, hearing, etc., to make accurate

observations. Methods of mea­surement that rely upon the senses entirely are called

subjective methods. Methods that make use of scientific instruments are generally

called objective methods.

In - correct, equality, definite, active, equal, soluble, form;

Dis – agree, order, like, prove, appear, proportion, agreement;

Im - possible, moral, morality,

Re – write, place make, read, produce, appear, form.
II. Make nouns from these verbs and translate them.

accept, alter, apply, arrive, associate, attend, consider, continue,, deflect, destruct,

define, discover, derive, divide, direct, detect, deve­lop, enlarge, estimate, explain,

explode, improve, isolate, know, liberate, measure, move, recognize, represent, reflect,

require, rotate, repeat, use.
.III. a) Translate the words;

b) underline the prefixes;

c) explain the meanings of these prefixes.

Decode, disprove, indirect, illogical, irrational, undefined, misunderstand, reappear, binomial, cooperation, counteraction, autocode, equilateral,, hyperbolic, interaction, semicircle, supercomplex, unidirectional

V.Give synonyms for the following words:

to exist, immense, to form, to need, same, fundamental, some, common, vital, manner, to call, certain, main, likeness, right, basic, high, to resemble, general.

VI. Get ready to answer the following questions:

1. What has long been known concerning the human senses? 2. Why is it that

the human senses of touch, sight and hearing can­not be relied upon? 3. What methods

are called subjective? 4. What methods are called objective? 5. What methods were

used in the early history of science? 6. Why was the progress of science slow in the

early history? 7. What did the objective methods give to science? 8. What has the

development of precision instruments led to?
Methodical recommendations:

1. Read the text and try to understand it.

Look up the words you do not know in a dictionary.

2. Lead and support the conversation with partner.

3. Write a short composition about your future profession using questions.

Literature:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

1. to learn to take the necessary information from the read text and to use it in informal conversation

2. to transfer the own thought in foreign language.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject

A word-meaning is liable to change in the course of the development of the language. Changes of meaning may be illustrated by diachronic semantic analysis of many English words. The word “glad” ( O.E. glaed) had the meaning of “ bright shining”. The causes of the semantic change the results of the process of the change of meaning are closely bound up, but the different aspects of one and the same problem. It’s necessary to find WHY the word changes its meaning, if we want to discuss the causes of semantic change. Analyzing the nature of semantic change, we seek to follow the process of this change and describe HOW changes are broad. Investigating

the results of semantic change, we find out WHAT is changed.

The causes of semantic change can be extra-linguistic and linguistic, e.g. the change of the lexical meaning of the noun: “pen” comes back to the Latin word “ penna” ( a feather of a bird). As people wrote with goose pens the name was transferred to steel pens which were later on used for writing. Still later any instrument for writing was called “pen”. On the other hand, causes can be linguistic, e.g. the conflict of synonyms when a perfect synonym of native word is borrowed from some other language, one of them may specialize in its meaning, e.g. the noun “tide” in O.E. was polysemantic and denoted “ time” , “season” , “hour”, when the French words “ time” , “season”, “hour”, were borrowed into English they ousted the word ‘tide” in these meanings. It was specialized and now means ‘regular” rise and fall of the sea caused by attraction of the moon”. The meaning of the word can also change due to ellipsis e.g. the word-group” a train of carriages” had the meaning of “ a row of carriages”, later on “ of carriages” was dropped and the noun “train” changed its meaning, it is used now in the function and with the meaning of the whole word-group.

Semantic changes have been classified by different scientists. The most complete classification was suggested by a German scientist Herman Paul. It is based on logical principle.

He distinguishes two main ways where the semantic change is/ gradual ( specialization, generalization), two momentary ( metaphor and metonymy).

Generalization – a process contrary to specialization, a word becomes more general in the course

• 
  similarity of shape: head ( of a cabbage), bottleneck, teeth( of a saw, comb);
  
• 
  similarity of position: foot ( of a page, of mountain); head( of procession);
  
• 
  similarity of function, whip ( an official in the British Parliament whose duty is to see that members were present at the voting);
  
• 
  similarity of behavior
  
• 
  similarity of colour: orange, hazel, chesnut,
  

• 
  the material of which an object is made may become the name of the object: ‘glass’, boards, iron’;
  
• 
  the name of the place may become the name of the people or of an object placed there ;
  

• 
  names of musical instruments may become names of musicians: ‘ the violin”, “the
  

• 
  the name of some person may become a common noun, e.g. ‘boycott’ was originally the name of an Irish family who were so much dislikeв by their neighbors that they didn’t
  

• 
  names of inventors become terms: ‘watt’, “om”, rengen’, etc.
  
• 
  geographical names become nouns: ‘holland’= linen fabrics, ‘brussels’- a special kind of of carpets, ‘china’- dishes made of porcelain ( china is a birthplace of porcelain)
  

1. Magnetism was known to the early Greek philosophers. According, to one story

Magnets, a shepherd, when he was on Mt. Ida on island of Crete, was so strongly

attracted to the ground by the tip of his stick and the nails in his shoes that he had

difficulty in getting. away. | Upon digging into the ground to find the cause, he at

Stove Fed a stone with the most amazing properties of attracting iron. This stone is

now called lodestone or magnetite.
2. The idea that a loadstone can be used as a compass is a very old one. The evidence
that a piece of iron could be magnetized by a lodestone and used as a compass
appears to have been mentioned. as early as the beginning of the 12th century.
3. A compass as it is often made for demonstration purposes 'usually consists of a
straight steel needle which has been mag­netized and mounted free to turn on a sharp
pointed rod. In the early days of the mariner's compass, it was common to float
several small magnetic needles on water by mounting them on a block of wood or
other light material.

Tasks and questions:

I. Read the text and retell it.

II.Translate the following words bearing in mind the meaning of the affixes and memorize them:

1. 
   to estimate (v), estimation (n), estimate (n)
   
2. 
   to provide (v), provider (n)
   
3. 
   care (n), careful (adj), careless (adj), carefully (adv) .
   
4. 
   to depend (v), dependent (n), independence (n), dependent (adj)
   
5. 
   to describe (y), description (n), de$criptive (adj)
   
6. 
   to classify (v), class (n); classification (n)
   
7. 
   power (n), powerful (adj), powerless (adj)
   
8. 
   beauty (n), to beautify (v), beautiful (adj)
   

to construct, to engage, to develop, to include, to estimate, to differ, to resemble, to provide, to know, to divide, to derive, to depend, to discover, to vary, to acquaint, to define, to value, to specialize, to describe, to classify, to act.

1. What does the story of a shepherd from Crete say? 2. What did the shepherd find out about a lodestone? 3. When did people begin using a lodestone as a compass?

4. What does the picture of magnetized bodies show? 5. What does a compass consist of? 6. What did the old mariner’s compass look like? 7. What does a modern compass look like?
V. Translate these sentences into native language and define the function of Gerund.

1. Permitting electrons to pass freely through a substance is to conduct electricity. 2. Electrons following through the material is observed until the electron pressure is even throughout. 3. There was much discussing of the new approach to the problem. 4. What is considered important is understanding the nature of the phenomenon. 5. To most of us the mathematical conceptuionof the atom is beyond all understanding.

1. Read the text and try to understand it.

Look up the words you do not know in a dictionary.

2. Lead and support the conversation with partner.

3. Write a short composition about your future profession using questions.
Literature:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983

1. to learn to take the necessary information from the read text and to use it in informal conversation

2. to transfer the own thought in foreign language.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject

More than two thirds of the English vocabularies are borrowings. Mostly they are words of Romanic origin ( Latin, French, Italian, Spanish) Borrowed words are different from native ones by their phonetic structure, by their morphological structure and their grammatical forms. It is characteristic of borrowings to be non-motivated semantically.

English history is very rich in different types of contacts with other countries, that’s why it is very rich in borrowings. The Roman invasion, the adaptation of Christianity, Scandinavion and Norman conquests of the British Isles, the development of British colonialism, trade and cultural relations served to increase the English vocabulary. The majority of these borrowings is fully assimilated in English in their pronunciation, grammar, and spelling and can be hardly distinguished from native words.

Borrowings can be classified according to different criteria:

• 
  according to the borrowed aspect;
  
• 
  according to the degree of assimilation;
  
• 
  according to the language from which the word was borrowed;
  

b) Borrowings are subdivided into:

• 
  completely assimilated;
  
• 
  partly assimilated
  
• 
  non-assimilated ( barbarisms)