The word science was used by Nida in the title of his 1964 book (Toward a Science of Translating, 1964a).
Eugene A. Nida was an American linguist who developed the dynamic-equivalence Bible-translation theory and one of the founders of the modern discipline of translation studies.
The framework of ‘Translation studies’ as an academic discipline by the Dutch-based US scholar James S. Holmes (1972, 1988)
Conclusion
Translation was formerly studied as a language-learning methodology or as part of comparative literature, translation ‘workshops’ and contrastive linguistics courses.
Both a name and a structure for the translation studies was first proposed byJ.S. Holmes, but the context has now advanced.
Interrelated branches of theoretical, descriptive and applied translation studies initially structured research in TS.
The word ‘science’ toward translation was used by E.Nida (1964).
