The Verbal Category of Mood (Этиштин ыңгай категориясы)

47 
Professor S. Isaev has proved that the category of mood cannot fully encompass the essence 
of the modal verb, and presented their difference. Lack of consensus on the classification 
category inclination indicates that the category of mood in the Turkic languages still 
insufficiently explored. Kyrgyz has 5 moods: Indicative Mood, Imperative Mood, Optative 
Mood, Conditional Mood and Intentional Mood. 
a) Indicative Mood (Баяндагыч ыңгай) 
The indicative mood, or evidential mood, is used for factual statements and 
positive beliefs. It is the mood of reality. The indicative mood is the most commonly used 
mood and is found in all languages, and Kyrgyz is no exception. Any verb tense may be 
deployed in the indicative mood: 
He speaks. – Ал сүйлөйт/Al süylöyti. 
He is speaking. – Ал сүйлөп жатат/Al süylöp jatat. 
He spoke. – Ал сүйлөдү
/
Al süylödü. 
He will speak. – Ал сүйлөйт/Al süylöyt. 
Another special feature of Indicative mood in Turkic language is their compatibility 
with the another verbal suffixes such as –
ды, -ган, -ыптыр, -чы
etc. (see verb tenses) 
b) Imperative Mood (Буйрук ыңгай) 
In academic grammar of the Kyrgyz language is noted, that verb in imperative mood 
means action, which will be done under the order, request or will by the listener (the 2d person) 
or by another person, who is not participant of conversation and received the order by his 
interlocutor (the 3d person). These forms usually make up the base of construction of imperative 
sentences. They refer to the future tense and by their own semantic cannot have other temporary 
forms and cannot refer to the 1st person. The opinion about grammatical category of imperative 
mood in English language is similar, English imperative mood as Kyrgyz imperative mood in 
logico-semantical relation focuses to the future tense. English orders express speaker’s stimulus 
to the action by communication participant, which has not been made, but it is necessary to 
make. 

48 
Imperative Mood is used both for commands and evocations. Within this mood, there 
are 5 additional types of imperatives that range from simple commands, to polite requests, to 
tasked imperatives. Simple imperatives are formed with either the verb root or the suffixes –
ыңыз
for second person singular polite, or the suffixes –
гылa
for second person plural familiar, 
-
ыңыздар 
for second person plural polite request: 
Imperative paradigm with 
‘айт-’ 
(say) [ayt]: 

айт – ‘
say’ (2
nd
person singular, direct command)
 

айт – ыңыз - 
‘please say’ (2
nd
person singular, polite command)
 

айт – кыла - ‘
please say’ (2
nd
person plural, familiar)
 

айт – ыңыздар -‘
please say’ (2
nd
person plural, polite)
 
 
Furthermore, there also exists a special affix for 3
rd
person imperatives (let him say, let her do, 
let them come etc.). This suffix –сын is directly attached to the verbal root.

айт – айт – сын – 
‘let him say’ 
The imperative mood is negated using the suffix -
ба 
used in verbal negation. It is found directly 
to the right of the verbal root and before any additional imperative mood markers. 
Negative imperatives: 

сен бар-ба 
[sen bar-ba]
 
2SG.NOM go-NEG-IMP 
‘Don’t go!’ 

сиз бар – ба – ңыз 
[sız bar-ba-nız]
 
2SG.POL.NOM. go-NEG-2SG.POL.IMP 
‘Do not go/ Please do not go!’ 

сиздер бар – ба – ңыздар 
[sızder bar-ba-nızdar]
 
2PL.POL.NOM. go-NEG-2PL.POL.IMP 
‘Please don’t go!’ 
(to a group) 

силер бар – ба – гыла 
[sıler bar-ba-gıla]
 
2PL.NOM go-NEG-2PL.FAM.IMP
‘Don’t go!’
(to a group) 

алар бар – ба – сын 
[alar bar-ba-sın]
 
3PL.NOM go-NEG-3.IMP 

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‘Let them not go./May them not go.’
c) Optative Mood (Калоо-тилек ыңгай)
Optative form of verbs are used to express wishes, desires, intention. It has multiple 
suffixes, however followings are widely used: 
- a wish or suggestion of the first person is formed by the suffix –
айын 
for singular 
and –
алы(к)
for plural, e.g.:
- Мен чогулушка барайын/Men chogulushka barayın. ‘I will go to the meeting.’ 
- Биз чогулушка баралы/Bız chogulushka baralı. ‘We will go to the meeting.’ 
- Бул ишти бүтүрөлүк!/Bız bütürölük! ‘Let us finish this work!’ 
- the most common way to express wish in Kyrgyz is the auxiliary 
кел-
(come) which 
follows the verbal stem suffix –
гы
, e.g.:
- Киного баргым келет/Kınogo bargım kelet. ‘I wish to go to the cinema.’ 
- Досумдун кечеге бар-гы-сы жок/Dosumdun kechege bar-gı-sı jok. ‘My friend has 
no desire to go to the evening.’ 
- the conditional suffix –
са
plus modal word 
экен
indicates immense wishes that refer 
to the future, e.g.: 
Бай болсом экен! 
[bay bolsom eken]
 ‘If only I could be rich!’ 

- the collocation of the suffix –
гай 
and the particle 
эле
forms optative combination 
that refers wish, e.g.:
Бүгүн жумушка орнош-кой эле-ң. 
[bügün jumushka ornoshkoy elen]
 ‘If 
only you could get a job today.’ 
d) Conditional Mood (Шартту ыңгай) 
Conditional clauses in Kyrgyz are considered to be finite and denote an action that will 
occur or happen, or which may possibly happen under certain circumstances. A sentence 
containing aorist verbs display that an action has not happened, however could have happened if 
certain circumstances took place. Conditional mood formed by attaching the conditional suffix 
–
са
, with the allonorphs 
–са
and 
–се.
Following suffix is added next to the verbal root and 
followed by personal endings identical to those use for the simple present tense. Some speakers 

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may attach the word 
эгер 
(If) at the head of a conditional combination. E.g.: 
(Эгер) өлсөм – 
бирге өлдүм!
[(eger) ölsöm bırge öldüm]
 
Lit.:
 ‘If I die, we shall die together.’ Oшол жакка 
барсаңар, күтүп алат Сур Эчки.
[oshol jakka barsanar kütüp alat suur echkı]
 
(Кожожаш)
Lit.:
 
‘If you go there, Mother-Goat will meet you.’ Абдымомун бек: “Мен андай буйрук берсем,
эчаак эле бул тополоң басылып калмак,”- деп айтты. 
[abdımomun bek ‘men anday buyruk 
bersem echaak ele bul topolon basılıp kalmak’dep ayttı] (Касым –Бек, Баскын) 
Lit.:
 
‘Abdymomun bey said: “If I had given such an order, all these riots would have ended long 
ago.” 

The verb in the 
–са
marked conditional clause does not carry suffixes indicating tense, 
aspect or mood, as can be seen from this examples. 
 
e) Intentional Mood (Ниет ыңгай)
 
Intentional constructions in the Kyrgyz language is formed with the suffix –
мак, -
макчы (-мек,-мөк,-мекчи,-мөкчү),
followed by personal affixes of the verb and sometimes the 

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