Ex 1. Find in the text:
1) What is animism? Animism, children's belief that all the things they see around them possess an innate soul.
2) Give definition of egocentricity. Egocentricity which makes the self the centre.
3) Give explanation of syncretism. Object and norm of all experience and syncretism which is manifested in children's tendency to combine different things.
4) Call the main characteristics in thinking of preschool children. These characteristics of children's thinking and speech we can find as a comparison to poetic speech.
5) What is the animism based on? Children asking "why" expect to find life everywhere and their animism is based on the following ideas: all elements of nature have consciousness as they serve some purpose. Nature is purposeful and the sun, the moon, the stars, the clouds are all animate things.
6) What does Piaget write about idea of animism? Piaget writes that the idea of animism is the first idea to occur in children's thinking. At the same time, initially there is no positive experience to make the child assume that the things around do not take sides.
Ex 3.Translate these sentences not looking in the text.
1) Вера детей такова, что все вещи, которые они видят, обладают внутренним миром (душой). The faith of children is such that all the things that they see have an inner peace (soul).
2) Детское мышление можно рассматривать под разными углами. Children's thinking can be viewed from different angles.
3) Дети спрашивают «почему», ожидая получить ответ, что жизнь по-всюду, и их анимизм основан на следующих идеях. Children ask "why", expecting to receive the answer that life is everywhere, and their animism is based on the following ideas.
4) Ребенок постепенно развивает объективную точку зрения на окружающий мир и приходит к пониманию, что не все вещи имеют душу. The child gradually develops an objective point of view on the world around him and comes to the understanding that not all things have a soul.
5) Известно, что язык и мышление тесно взаимосвязаны. It is known that language and thinking are closely interrelated.
6) Трудно найти корни эгоцентризма и анимизма в детях. It is difficult to find the roots of self-centeredness and animism in children.
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