Бүгінгі күні біздің қоғамға проблемаларды шеше алатын, шешім қабылдайтын

64 
CRITICAL THINKING 
Critical thinking is a disciplined approach to conceptualizing, evaluating, analyzing and 
synthesizing information from observation, experience, refection or reasoning. It can then 
become the basis for action. Critical thinking is often associated with a willingness to imagine or 
remain open to considering alternative perspectives, to integrate new or revised perspectives into 
our ways of thinking and acting, and with a commitment to participatory democracy and to 
fostering criticality in others.
At a basic level, the process of critical thinking involves:
•
gathering relevant information; 
•
evaluating and questioning evidence; 
•
drawing warranted conclusions and generalizations; 
•
revising assumptions and hypotheses on the basis of wider experience.
The following are the steps that children can be guided through and the skills they will 
use in undertaking classroom activities:
1. 
Process 
the information derived from visual or from oral evidence. This could equally be 
applied to information derived from reading primary source documents, data gathered from 
a survey or questionnaire, or information collected from several secondary sources, such 
as a selection of textbooks, encyclopedias or websites.
 
2. 
Understand key 
points, assumptions or hypotheses that structure investigation of the 
evidence, or in later activities, underlie the arguments.
 
3. 
Analyse 
how these key components, and the visual and oral evidence, ft together and relate 
to each other.
 
4. 
Compare 
and explore the similarities and differences between individual images, or 
between different personal accounts and memories.
 
5. 
Synthesise 
by bringing together different sources of information to construct an argument or 
set of ideas. Make connections between the different sources that shape and support your 
ideas.
 
6.
 Evaluate 
the 
validity 
and 
reliability 
of evidence in relation to your investigation, and how 
the evidence supports or contradicts your assumptions and emerging ideas.
 
7.
Apply 
the understanding gained by presenting an interpretation in response to the 
questions that underlay the investigation.
 
8. 
Justify 
ideas and interpretations in defending arguments about the conclusions reached 
and implications identif
i
ed. 
Bloom’s taxonomy of Education Goals has been one of the most influential books among 
teachers, who want to develop pupil’s critical thinking in the process of active teaching and 
learning. 

65 
 

жүктеу/скачать 5,73 Mb.

Достарыңызбен бөлісу: