Genetic research methods in human genetics.
Genealogical method. The twin method and its application to assess the role of the environment in the
characters' manifestation and heritability. Comparison of the concordance of mono- and dizygotic twins.
Molecular diagnostics.
Molecular genetic methods of analysis in genetic research.
The use of molecular genetic methods to study the mechanisms of genetic processes (gene expression,
translation, transcription, DNA repair, methylation, and genomic imprinting, etc.), the action of individual
genes, and intergenic interactions. Methods for identifying factors in the development of carcinogenesis.
Methods for molecular genetic assessment of oncological diseases. The main stages of DNA isolation and
purification. DNA sequencing. Methods for the molecular genetic study of gametogenesis.
The use of genetic methods to solve problems in the food industry, agriculture, medicine.
S
Solving the problems of the food industry, agriculture based on genetic methods. Genetic background of
modern methods of artificial insemination in humans (IVF).
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method:
principle, steps, reaction components, varieties, and equipment for PCR
. Prospects and problems of using stem
cells.
General principles and methods of genetic engineering.
An overview of enzymes used in genetic engineering. Enzymological methods in genetic engineering.
Genetic engineering of cultured mammalian cells. Methods of introducing DNA molecules into
mammalian cells (hypertonic salt method, DEAE-dextran method, calcium phosphate method, etc.). Site-
directed
in vitro
mutagenesis. Gene cloning. Methods for selecting hybrid clones of bacterial cells.
Selective media, competent cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
General characteristics of vectors.
DNA based vector systems. The introduction of DNA into cells. Methods for the construction of
recombinant DNA molecules. Methods for determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Vector systems
based on animal and plant cells. Shuttle vectors, selective marker genes, transformation frequency.
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