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Зат есімнің классификациясы



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Зат есімнің классификациясы


Негізгі зат есім (Simple Nouns). Негізгі зат есімге ешқандай жұрнақ жалғанбайды.

Мысалы: a table, a room, a girl, a ship.

Туынды зат есім (Derivate Nouns) Зат есімге жұрнақ жалғану арқылы жасалған зат есім. Туынды зат есім жасайтын жұрнақтар:


  • er: teacher, writer

  • ment: development, government

  • ness: sadness, kindness

  • ion: restriction, connection

  • dom: freedom, wisdom

  • hood: childhood, neighbourhood

  • ship: leadership, friendship

Күрделі зат есім (Compound nouns) Екі немесе бірнеше зат есімнен құралған зат есім. A class, a postman, an airport




Зат есімдердің көпше түрінің жасалуы




Ереже Rules

Жекеше түрі

Singular

Көпше түрі Plural

Есте сақтаңыз Remember

Зат есімнің түрін жасау үшін түбірге

-s жалғауы жалғанады.

a table a dog a cat

two tabls two dogs two cats



Зат есімдер –ch, -s,

-ss, sh, tch, -x әріптеріне

аяқталса, - es жалғауы жалғанады.



a dish

a match a class a box

two dishes

two matches two classes two boxes



Зат есім –у әрпіне аяқталып, оның

алдында дауыссыз тұрса -es жалғауы

жалғанады да, әрпі –i әрпіне айналады.


a story

a city

two stories

two cities






Егер зат есім жекеше түрде –у әрпіне аяқталып, оның алдында

дауысты әріп

тұрса, онда –у әрпі

өзгермейді, көпше түрде тек –s жалғауы жалғанады.



a key a day

two keys two days



Зат есім жекеше түрде -f немесе -fe әріптеріне

аяқталса әрпі v

әрпіне өзгереді де, -es жалғауы жалғанады.


a knife

a shelf

two knives two shelves

Ереже бағынбайтын кейбір зат есімдер:

a cuff-cuffs

a handkerchief- handkerchiefs

a roof - roofs

a safe- safes ▪ a belief – beliefs

a chief - chiefs

a cliff – cliffs


Жекеше түрде зат есім –о әрпіне

аяқталса және –о әрпінің алдында дауыссыз әріп

тұрса, онда зат есімге

es жалғауы жалғанады.



a tomato

a hero zero

volcano tornado mosquito

two tomatoes two heroes

zeroes / zeros

volcanoes / volcanos

tornadoes / tornados

mosquitoes / mosquitos

a kilo – kilos

a photo - photos ▪ a piano – pianos

radio - radios

a video - videos

a zoo - zoos

a hippo - hippos

tattoo – tattoos

a rhino – rhinos



Күрделі зат есімдерге көптік жалғау басты

мағыналы сөзге жалғанады.



customhouse

hotel – keeper

mother-inlaw manservant

custom-houses

hotel – keepers

mother-in-laws man-servants



Кейбір зат есімдердің көпше түрі ешқандай

ережеге бағынбай,

сөздегі дауыстыны өзгерту арқылы жасалады.


a man

a woman a foot

a mouse a tooth a goose

men

women feet

mice

teeth geese



Кейбір зат есімдердің жекеше түрі мен көпше түрі бірдей.

a deer

a species

a sheep a fish

deer

species

sheep fish



Латын, грек және француз тілінен

енген зат есімдер сол тілдердегі көпше түрінің формасын сақтайды.



a formula a datum

a bureau an index

hypothesis thesis

bacterium cactus

formulae data

bureaux indices

hypotheses theses

bacteria cacti






Test №6/Тест № 6

1.His _____ was the smallest among the _______



  1. mice, mice

  2. mouse, mousse

  3. mouse, mice

d) mouses, mouses

e) mice, mouse


2. Find the plural form of “Fish”

  1. Fish

b) Fishs

c) Fishis

d) Fishes

e) Fishies


3. Find the plural form of “Mouse”

  1. mousies

  2. mousis

  3. mise

d) mousse

e) mice
4.Find the correct plural form.

My friend has three_____

a) childs

b)child

c)a child

d)a children
5.Choose the right variant. My parents` parents are my _____


  1. grandmothers

  2. grandfathers

  3. grandparents

d) grandchildren

e) great-grandparents


6. Choose the right variant:

“ A woman”



  1. woman

  2. womens

  3. women

d) womans
7.Choose the right variant.

Nick wants the money. Please give_____ to him

a) them

b) these


c) those

d) it


e)they
8. Find the uncountable noun

a) Meat.


b) Address.

c) Goose.

d) Cap.

e) Table.


9. Find the uncountable noun:

a) apple

b) dolla

c) glass


d) toy

e) air
10. Find the noun using only in single form:

a) knowledge

b) cat.


c) photo.

d) pencil.

e) picture.




Leveled exercises № 6

Деңгейлік тапсырма № 6
I level / I деңгей
Write the plural of the following nouns:

Piano, shelf, army, potato, safe, wolf, cliff, wife, schoolboy, schoolchild, leaf, life, factory, knife, man, roof, photo, toy, tomato, class, room, copy, book, note, house, wife, news, paper, home, land, mother, country, student, typist, writer, pilot, doctor, officer, architect, actor, actress, painter, sailor, dentist, teacher, mechanic, locksmith, driver, composer, shop-assistant.


II level / II деңгей
Put the following nouns in the plural form:
1. What is that child`s name? 2. The cat has caught a mouse. 3. There was a lady, a gentleman, a boy and a girl in the room. 4. In the farm-yard we could see an ox, a sheep, a cow and a goose. 5. Is this worker an Englishman or a German? – He is a Frenchman. 6. Why don`t you eat this potato? 7. This strawberry is still green. 8. The withered leaf has fallen to the ground. 9. Can you see a bird in that tree? 10. Does your tooth still ache? 11. I held up my foot to the fire to warm it. 12. His child studies very well.
III level / III деңгей
Open the brackets put the nouns in the plural or in the singular forms:



  1. I met some interesting _________ at the meeting. (man)

  2. I need some ________ the light the fire. (match)

  3. The baby got two new _______ . (tooth)

  4. The farmer loaded his cart with _______ (box) of fresh vegetables to take to market. His cart was pulled by two _______ (ox)

  5. Alex saw some _______ running across the floor. (mouse)

  6. The north side of the island has no ____. There are only ________ steep. No one can climb these steep walls of rock. (beach, cliff).

  7. If a houseplant is given too much water, its lower ________ turn yellow. (leaf)

  8. Before Marie signed the contract, she talked to two ______ (attorney)

  9. New scientific _ are made every day in __ throughout the world, (discovery, laboratory)

  10. I caught several ________ in the lake (fish)

  11. On our trip in the mountainous countryside, we saw some ________ , _________ , and wild _______ (wolf, fox, deer, sheep)

  12. When we spoke in the cave, we could hear _________ of our voices. (echo)


Answers Test № 6

Жауаптар Тест № 6
1С 2A 3E 4B 5C 6C 7A 8A 9E 10A
Answers

Leveled exercises № 6
Жауаптар

Деңгейлік тапсырмалар № 6
I level

I деңгей
Pianos, shelves, armys, potatoes, safes, wolves, cliffs, wives, schoolboys, schoolchildren, leaves, lifes, factories, knives, men, roofs, photos, toys, tomatos, classes, rooms, copies, books, notes, houses, wives, news, papers, homes, lands, mothers, countries, students, typists, writers, pilots, doctors, officers, architects, actors, actress, painters, sailors, dentists, teachers, mechanics, locksmiths, drivers, composers, shop-assistants.
II level

II деңгей
1. What is those childrens` names? 2. The cats have caught a mouse. 3. There were ladies, agentlemen, boys and girls in the room. 4. In the farm-yard we could see oxen, sheep, cows and geese. 5. Are these workers Englishmen or Germen? – They are Frenchmen. 6. Why don`t you eat these potatoes? 7. These strawberries is still green. 8. The withered leaves have fallen to the ground. 9. Can you see birds in that tree? 10. Does your teeth still ache? 11. I held up my feet to the fire to warm it. 12. His children study very well.
III level

III деңгей


  1. men

  2. matches

  3. teeth

  4. boxes, oxen

  5. mice

  6. beaches, cliffs

  7. leaves

  8. attorneys

  9. discovery, laboratories

  10. fish

  11. wolves, foxes, deers, sheep

  12. echo


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