English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
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пособие мед 2 (1) 2
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- ІІ. Дайте розгорнуту відповідь на наступні питання
- ІІІ. Розкрийте поняття терміну
- Exercise 3. Remember roots pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
- Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks
- Exercise 5. Write the adjectives for each of the following definitions. The proper suffix is given for each
- Exercise 6. Write a word for each of the following definitions
- Exercise 7. Mach the synonyms
- Exercise 8. Translate the following word combinations
- Exercise 9. Read and translate the text: ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
Exercise 1. Topical vocabulary:
Exercise 3. Remember roots pertaining to the heart and blood vessels:
Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks: 1. The word cardiogenic means originating in the ……………. 2. An atriotomy is an incision into the…………………………. 3. A valvectomy is surgical removal of a ……………………... 4. The word interventricular means between the …………….... 5. Vasoconstriction means narrowing of …………………….... Exercise 5. Write the adjectives for each of the following definitions. The proper suffix is given for each: 1. Pertaining to the heart (-ac) ………………………………………. 2. Pertaining to the myocardium (-al) ………………………………. 3. Pertaining to the pericardium (-al) ………………………………… 4. Pertaining to an atrium (-al) ………………………………………. 5. Pertaining to a ventricle (-ar) ……………………………………… 6. Pertaining to a valve (-ar) …………………………………………. Exercise 6. Write a word for each of the following definitions: 1. Inflammation of the lining of the heart (endo-) (-itis) ……………… 2. Inflammation of the heart muscle (-itis) …………………………… 3. Inflammation of the fibrous sac around the heart (peri-) (-itis) ……. 4. Study of the heart (-logy) …………………………………………... 5. Enlargement of the heart (-megaly) ………………………….…….. 6. Pertaining to an atrium and a ventricle (-al, -ar) …………………… 7. Above a ventricle (supra-) …………………………………………. 8. Surgical incision of a valve (-tomy) ………………………………... Exercise 7. Mach the synonyms:
Exercise 8. Translate the following word combinations: Arteriosclerotic vascular disease, accumulation of fatty materials, hardening or furring of the arteries, formation of multiple plaques within the arteries, remain asymptomatic for decades, metabolic disturbances, disturbances of cholesterol exchange, external evidence of the disease, preventive measures, follow a certain regimen, sound sleep, enable the nerve cells to rest, exclude mental and physical overstrain, incidence of atherosclerosis, insufficient physical activity, affect unfavourably, sufficient amount of proteins, take in limited doses, dilate peripheral vessels, improve general condition, advanced atherosclerosis. Exercise 9. Read and translate the text: ATHEROSCLEROSIS Cardiovascular diseases (also called heart disease) is a class of diseases that involve the heart, the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) or both. Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease. The causes of cardiovascular disease are diverse but atherosclerosis and/or hypertension are the most common. Atherosclerosis (also known as arteriosclerotic vascular disease or ASVD) is a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol. It is commonly referred to as a hardening or furring of the arteries. It is caused by the formation of multiple plaques within the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that remains asymptomatic for decades. There is a number of factors which may determine its development. Atherosclerosis of the blood vessels results from metabolic disturbances and particularly from disturbances of cholesterol exchange. These disturbances begin long before there is any external evidence of the disease. Therefore the doctor must prevent its appearance beginning preventive measures and treatment as early as possible. Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis consist mainly of a certain regimen for the patient, which he must strictly follow. The patient must get up, eat, work, and go to bed at exactly the same time every day. Sound sleep is very important since it enables the nerve cells to rest. The patient with the signs of atherosclerosis must sleep not less than 7-8 hours and walk before going to bed. Mental and physical overstrain must be excluded. The incidence of atherosclerosis is high in professional groups with insufficient physical activities. So physical exercises must be part of the prescribed regimen for such persons. Smoking affects unfavourably the walls of the blood vessels and can result in their spasm, that is why patients suffering from atherosclerosis must not smoke. The diet of the patients with atherosclerosis must contain sufficient amount of proteins, but fats and carbohydrates must be taken in very limited doses. Vitamins are widely used in the treatment of atherosclerosis because some of them improve the metabolic processes and others dilate the vessels, particularly the peripheral ones. Other drugs administered in treating atherosclerosis are the so-called lipotropic substances, which prevent fat from accumulating in the organism. Since the nervous system affects the metabolic processes in the human body the patients with atherosclerosis are prescribed such drugs as bromide and valerian to improve its general condition. Complications of advanced atherosclerosis are chronic, slowly progressive and cumulative. Most commonly, soft plaque suddenly ruptures, causing the formation of a thrombus that will rapidly slow or stop blood flow. It will lead to death of the tissues fed by the artery in approximately 5 minutes. This catastrophic event is called an infarction. One of the most common recognized scenarios is called coronary thrombosis of a coronary artery, causing myocardial infarction. The same process in an artery to the brain is commonly called stroke. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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