English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
Exercise 8. Read and translate the text
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| Exercise 8. Read and translate the text:
OBESITY Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health. Overweight, particularly in individuals past middle life, is a burden which many persons carry about quite without necessity. In many instances, this heavy burden will result in a definite shortening of the normal life span; they are more likely to succumb to premature death from coronary thrombosis, from diabetes, or from infections, such as pneumonia or cholecystitis, as well as many other diseases, than persons in the same age group whose weight is average or below average. Furthermore, the obese individual suffers from unnecessary fatigue, from heat intolerance, and from arthritis, as well as from other serious discomforts, much more commonly than do persons of normal weight. Thus, the prevention of obesity and the retention of normal weight is a matter of importance in the field of preventive medicine. The important factor in production of overweight is a daily caloric intake which exceeds the energy requirement of the body — in brief; the fat person eats too much rich food. A positive energy balance may be due to a variety of causes: one of the important factors is dietary habits. Some people tend to eat excessive amounts of starchy or fatty foods. The overweight of persons past middle life is almost always the result of the decreased energy output of the individual, as the years advance, with no compensative diminution in diet intake. People over 50 eat as much as they did at 20, although their activities are greatly curtailed. Probably the most common cause of overweight is the fact that individuals overeat because they enjoy food, and do not realize that there is any risk in overindulgence. Prevention of overweight centers is teaching each individual that overweight, particularly with increasing age, is an unnecessary hazard to a normal life. The person must be convinced that the "normal" gain of weight with increasing age is injurious, in a direct ratio to the degree of increase of weight to increasing age. The other essential educational feature that must be emphasized is that weight reduction can best be secured by maintaining a slow and gradually progressive negative energy balance. In other words, the daily consumption of food should be slightly less than the energy demands of the body. Thus, the body will burn the excess fat in place of food. The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention and treatment of obesity is known as bariatrics, the field of medicine that encompasses dietary, physical and behavioral therapy approaches to weight loss as well as pharmacotherapy and surgery. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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