English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS
жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb.
|
пособие мед 2 (1) 2
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Exercise 2. Study the following combining forms ad their meanings. Do you know any other words formed with their use
- Exercise 3. Translate the following word-combinations into your native language
- Exercise 4. Read and translate the text: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS. CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS
| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:
Exercise 2. Study the following combining forms ad their meanings. Do you know any other words formed with their use?
Exercise 3. Translate the following word-combinations into your native language: Drugs of plant and animal origin, to depress the nerves in the brain and spinal cord, to quiet and relax the patient, to relieve seizures, the state of unconsciousness, loss of pain sensation, and muscle relaxation, a temporary feeling of euphoria (well-being), excessive doses, additive and habit-forming, loss of pain sensation, loss of the appreciation of pain, to contract with sufficient force, to change the rate and forcefulness of the heartbeat, to prevent blood clotting, to prevent the formation of clots in veins and arteries, to stop local bleeding, smooth (involuntary) muscles in the body, to promote excretion of fluid, to constrict muscle fibers. Exercise 4. Read and translate the text: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS. CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS People in every civilization in recorded history have used drugs of plant and animal origin to prevent and treat diseases. Many of these drugs are still in use today, but most drugs used in modern medicine are produced synthetically. According to Collins dictionary, a drug is a synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural chemical substance used in the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease, or for other medical reasons. There are different types of drugs used to treat and prevent different diseases. Central Nervous System Drugs affect the central nervous system and are of two main types: those which stimulate the nerves in the brain and spinal cord, stimulants, and those which depress the nerves in the brain and spinal cord, depressants. Stimulants produce a temporary feeling of euphoria (well-being) and help to relieve lethargy. Amphetamines can produce restlessness, insomnia and nervousness as well as hypertension and gastrointestinal disorders when given in high doses. Used in excessive doses, such side effects as convulsions can appear. There are several types of central nervous system depressants. These include analgesics, hypnotics, sedatives and barbiturates, tranquilizers, anticonvulsants, alcohol and anesthetics. Analgesics are used to relieve pain. They are divided into two categories: narcotic and nonnarcotic. Narcotic analgesics can suppress the central nervous system and relieve pain, but in excessive doses produce unconsciousness, stupor, coma, and possibly death. Most of narcotic analgesics are additive and habit-forming. Sedatives are used to quiet and relax the patient without necessarily producing sleep. Some drugs act as sedatives in small doses and in large doses as hypnotics that produce sleep. Anticonvulsants are used to treat epilepsy and relieve seizures. Anesthetics produce temporary state of unconsciousness, loss of sensation and loss of the appreciation of pain. Cardiovascular drugs may be divided into three groups: drugs that affect the heart; drugs that affect blood pressure and drugs that prevent blood clotting. Drugs, that affect the heart, change the rate and force of the heartbeat are called cardiac glycosides. These drugs are used to treat patients in heart failure (when the heart is not contracting with sufficient force). Drugs that correct an irregular heartbeat and slow a heart that is beating too fast are called anti-arrhythmics. Vasodilators are drugs which relax the muscles of vessels walls, thus increasing the size of blood vessels. Nitrites are drugs which are also used as vasodilators. They dilate all smooth (involuntary) muscles in the body, but have a greater effect on the muscles of the coronary blood vessels. Diuretics promote excretion of fluid and which in turn reduces the volume of blood and thus also low blood pressure. Vasoconstrictors are drugs which constrict muscle fibers around blood vessels and narrow the size of the vessel opening. Vasoconstrictors are needed to raise blood pressure, increase the force of heart action, and stop local bleeding. Drugs that prevent blood clotting are called anticoagulants. They are used to prevent the formation of clots in the veins and arteries. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|