Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка для студентов
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лекция по грамматиае
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- The theme is the part of the proposition that is being talked about ( predicated )
- 3. Language means of expressing the theme and the rheme
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2. Actual Division of the Sentence The actual division of the sentence, called also the "functional sentence perspective", exposes the informative perspective of the sentence showing what immediate semantic contribution the sentence parts make to the total information conveyed by the sentence. The sentence can be divided into two sections – theme and rheme. The theme is the part of the proposition that is being talked about ( predicated ) . The theme expresses the starting point of communication; it means that it denotes an object or a phenomenon about which something is reported. Once stated, the theme is therefore "old news", i.e. the things already mentioned and understood. The predicate that gives information on the topic is called rheme. The rheme expresses the basic informative part of the communication, emphasizing its contextually relevant centre. Between the theme and the rheme are positioned intermediary, transitional parts of the actual division of various degrees of informative value (these parts are sometimes called " transition "). 100 The theme of the actual division of the sentence may or may not coincide with the subject of the sentence. The rheme of the actual division, in its turn, may or may not coincide with the predicate of the sentence — either with the whole predicate group or its part, such as the predicative, the object, the adverbial. The theme need not necessarily be something known in advance. In many sentences it is, in fact, something already familiar, as in some of our examples, especially with the definite article. However, that need not always be the case. There are sentences in which the theme, too, is something mentioned for the first time and yet it is not the centre of the predication. It is something about which a statement is to be made. The theme is here the starting point of the sentence, not its conclusion. 3. Language means of expressing the theme and the rheme Many languages , like English , resort to different means in order to signal a new topic, such as: - Stating it explicitly as the subject (which tends to be considered more topic- like by the speakers). - Using passive voice to transform an object into a subject (for the above reason). - Emphasizing the topic using clefting . - Through periphrastic constructions like "As for...", "Speaking of...", etc. - Using left dislocation (called topic fronting or topicalization , i. e. moving the topic to the beginning of the sentence). Examples : The dog bit the little girl. The little girl was bitten by the dog. It was the little girl that the dog bit . Speaking of the girl , she was bitten by the dog. The little girl , the dog bit her. 101 Means to express the rheme include: a particular word order with a specific intonation contour, an emphatic construction, a contrastive complex, intensifying жүктеу/скачать 0,5 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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