МӘдениетаралық коммуникация теориясы мен практикасы

- Pecularity – ерекшелік;

- To bend – иілу;

- Bad temper – жаман мінез;

- Patient – шыдамды;

- Petulant - өкпешіл;

- Tolerant – сыйымды;

- Idle – жалқау;

- To gossip - өсек айту;

- To bless – бата беру;

- To bow – тағзым ету;

- Screen – шымылдық;

- Threshold – босаға;

- Guest – қонақ.

Мәтінді оқып түсінгеніңізді қазақша айтып беріңіз

2. Can you say how Kazakhs slaughtered cattle, cut carcasses into pieces?

Кімге қандай мүше тартылады?

Kazakhs always had meat at home, but when respected guests came, a family would slaughter an additional sheep or colt; if there were many guests, a horse. The sheep’s head was for respected guests or for the head of the clan or aul. Respected guests might be authoritative elder people, kinsmen or match makers, or rulers. Such individuals might be presented a sheep’s head or pelvic and ankle bones; for bride and groom, the breast bone; kidneys and ears for children; and other less prestigious parts could be added. The tastiest meats of the horse were zhal, zhaya, kazy and karta.

Kazakhs were superstitious about the sheep’s head.

Children were never allowed to touch it for fear that this might bring about the death of their father if he was living. To avoid his son from being mumbler or stutterer the brain was never presented by the father to his son. Adopted sons were often the recipient of an ankle bone. During celebrations if you brought kumys, they/d put some ankle bones into your bag. Meanwhile, ankle bones were never given to daughters, for this was considered an impediment to her later marriage. To meat which they were going to serve guests they won’t put neck, breast bone as we mentioned above for the bride and groom.

The serving of meat was of three types according to the number of guests, and different dishes were served in different size platters: main middle and simple platters. In the main dish there would likely be the sheep’s head, pelvic and ankle bones, some fat ribs, a slice of fat tail and liver. In the middle dish might be more pelvic and ankle bones, the spinal column and ribs. And in the simple dish would be an ankle bone, spinal column, ribs and shoulder blade. Sheep’s offals were never cooked in a kazan with meat being prepared for special guests. All of the above documents that Kazakhs were very generous and hospitable people who took great care to please and treat guests. Such traditions of our forefathers are still worth learning and using in everyday life.
Тапсырмалар
1. Read the following text and render it in Kazakh

Мәтінді оқып түсінгеніңізді қазақша айтып беріңіз

2. Do you know about other ceremonies of celebration of new life in the Kazakh tradition?

3 Жас нәресте дүниеге келгенде тағы қандай ырым жасалады?

Zharys Kazan was a celebration in honor of a pregnant woman in the hopes that her delivery would be successful. When a young woman began her labor, neighboring women would stretch a black and white lasso for the woman to hang upon. All nearby women would help as they could in the delivery process. They would also do their best to ease the pain of the expectant mother. They might also set a juniper branch on fire to drive any evil away. They would also implore the god of motherhood Bebatima, to be present. Women outside of the yurt would also circle around the structure with pestles to express their sympathy and solidarity for the woman in labor.

Other women would be busy cooking. The mother-in-law would be especially happy on that day, and she would open her special trunk where she had saved special meats and other foods. A kazan is a large cast-iron pot. During Zharys Kazan, many pots (or Kazan) would be set up in a row, fired, and filled with boiling meat to celebrate the new birth. They would then be called Kazans of “sincere good wishes”. A gift, or Suinshi, would be given by the happy father to the initial bearer of the good news that a son or daughter had been born. If a son had been born, the bearer of good news would say “Zhilkishi”, which means “horseman”. If a daughter was born, “Kestegoi”, a term describing needlework, would be announced.

During the feast, suinshi are also requested from both the mother in law and father in law of the new mother. If they did not respond quickly, the gift-seeker could snatch the head-dress off of their heads: but nobody would get offended. The woman selected by the family to become the new baby’s Godmother would bring “Kalzha” a special fat meat for the new mother who usually hadn’t eaten for a long period. The Godmother’s Kazan would also be boiling, and she would bear responsibility for the impending “Shildekhana”, or the celebration of a new baby. In their turn, parents of the new baby gave presents to the Godmother. Later in life the baby would be expected to respect his or her Godmother as he/she would his parents. The Godmother would invite the new mother and her baby to her house to be a guest and would dress the child in his or her first clothes, the “Itkoilek” after forty days. “Itkoilek” was made from soft cloth, and the hem was tucked, signifying the wish of long life for the baby.

Long-expected – көп күткен;

To butcher – мал сою;

Delivery – босану;

Implore – құдайға табыну;

Godmother – кіндік шеше.

„Christmas“ туралы не білесіздер? Оны қазақша қалай түсіндіресіздер?

Mini test:

Кішігірім тест:

А) on January 7;

В) on December 25;

С) on December 31.

А) Jesus;

В) Joseph;

С) Mary.
3 In Great Britain children expect toys and sweets from:

А) parents;

В) Santa Claus;

С) Ded Moroz.
4 English families decorate their houses with:

А) crackers;

В) pumpkins;

С) Christmas trees.

А) Fruit cake;

В) Christmas pudding;

С) cereal.

May the warmth and goodwill of this wonderful season remain with you through the coming year!

To let you know, you are thought about,

So often through the year, and to wish you worlds of happiness

Now Christmas time is here!

At this very spezial time of the year

We’ve joined our hands to say,

we wish you all the magic of a

Small World Holiday!

It’s time to trim the Christmas Tree,

and hang the mistletoe,

It’s time to wish much happiness,

To people nice to know!

May your home be filled with happiness and laughter this Christmas season!

This wish for you at Christmas time

Comes just to keep in touch

And to let you know though we’re apart

You’re thought of very much!

In Great Britain probably the most popular tradition is the mince pie

But in the USA the Christmas table looks like a Thanksgiving feast of turkey

Put the sentences into the correct order and you get a traditional Christmas recipe of Turkey with fruit stuffling

Жаңа жылдық қазды қалай даярлайтынын білесіз бе? Mәтіннің көмегімен Сіз қазды даярлап үйрене аласыздар.

1. 
   Simmer 2 minutes, stirring. Cool slightly.
   

Heat, stirring constantly.

Place halves flat in buttered roasting pan.

Cut dates, apricots, and remaining ingredients isaucepan.

Preheat oven to 325◦.

Fill slits in turkey with fruit mixture.

Cut each breast half in 6 slices

Bake 2 hours.

2 Ingredients: 2 boneless turkey breast halves; 1(10 ounce); package pitted dates; 1(16 ounce) package dried apricot halves, 1 cup walnut pieces; 2 cups water; ½ teaspoon ground cinnamon; ¼ teaspoon ground black pepper; ¼ teaspoon ground nutmeg; ¼ teaspoon ground cloves

- Turkey – күрке тауық;

- pan– таба;

- breast – төс;

- pitted date – тазаланған құрма;

- walnut – грек жаңғағы;

- cinnamon - даршин;

- ginger– ақ желкен;

- pepper – бұрыш;

- nutmeg – мускат жаңғағы;

- clove– сарымсақ;

- slit– ұзындап турау;

- buttered – майлау;

- stir – араластыру;

- simmer – қайнату;

- preheat – алдын-ала қыздыру.

Christmas is one of the main Christian celebrations but what do non Christians do at Christmas? What better place to ask than London, where people of all religions and backgrounds have learnt to live together. There are some answers of non-Christian religious backgrounds what they and their family do at Christmas.

Buddhism

Madura, 16

My family moved from Sri Lanka to England about thirty years ago and although we observe Buddhist celebrations, we celebrate Christmas too. We don’t decorate a Christmas tree or give each other presents but always make a traditional British Christmas dinner with meat, roast potatoes and those horrible Brussels sprouts. I hate Brussels sprouts! We also wear paper hays and tell silly jokes. Buddhists celebrate the New Year in April, so we give each other presents then.

Hinduism

At Christmas my family gets together with two other families. The kids cook, so that the mothers get a break. We are not as good cooks as our Mums, so usually it is not traditional Christmas dishes but some chicken and some vegetarian food. Our parents don’t drink alcohl but Christmas is the only time of the year when they get a little drunk. Because they don’t normally drink, they get tipsy after one glass of champagne. It is so funny!

For Hindus, the main festival is Divali, which is celebrated in November. We burn candles and have lots of fireworks. Christmas has no religious significance for me but it’s a nice time with my family.

Judaism

I’m Jewish but I don’t celebrate either Hanukkah (one of the main Jewish religious festivals, which is celebrated in December) or Christmas. Christmas is for kids. It’s also a family time when you see lots of relatives who you don’t get to see very often. I also like watching old films that are always shown on TV at Christmas. But for me, it has no religious significance. I really dislike the way Christmas has become so commercial. It’s all about spending money and has nothing to do with religion.

Islam

Yasmin, 23

My husband is Christian, so we’re a mixed-faith family and we celebrate Christmas. I love decorating the tree. My husband cooks a Christmas dinner with turkey. My Mum loves it! Christmas is a great time to get together as a family, so I like it. We also celebrate Divali and Eid (the end of Ramadan), so we do it all:

background – негізі, түп тамыры;

to observe - сақтау, мерекелеу;

to get a little drunk – біраз мас болу;

to get tipsy – қызу (мас болу);

candle – шырақ;

significance – мағына, мән;

I dislike the way – маған ол мүлдем ұнамайды;

mixed-faith - өзгеше дін ұстану;

Eid – айт (Рамазан айының аяқталуы).
Тапсырмалар
1 Fill in the table. Use the information from the text

Мәтіннен қажетті ақпаратты тауып, кестені толтырыңыздар

British settlers brought a fun Easter custom with them to the New World. In England children rolled eggs down hills on Easter morning, symbolizing the rolling away of the rock from Christ's tomb. This custom became institu­tionalized in the United States by Dolly Madison, wife of the fourth American president, who organized the first hard-boiled Easter Egg Roll down the hilly lawn of the newly-built Capitol building. In 1880 the Easter Egg Roll location was officially transferred to the White House Lawn, where it is held every Easter Monday. The event is open to children no older that 12 years of age. People used to dress up in new clothes and go to church on Easter Sunday, and then stroll leisurely about town. This slowly developed into a promenade and later an Easter parade. The new Easter bonnet, purchased specifically for demonstration in the Easter parade has become another part of Easter folklore. The most famous Easter parade is the televised procession along Fifth Avenue in New York City.

Christmas рождество;

festival мейрам;

bunny қоян;

egg жұмыртқа;

fertility шұрайлы, құнарлы;

sweets тәтті тамақ;

garden бақ;

joy қуаныш;

vernal equinox көктемгі күн мен түннің теңесуі;

church шіркеу;

traditional салтты, дәстүрлі;

resurrection тірілу;

celebrate мерекелеу, тойлау;

christian христиандық;

english-speaking ағылшын тілінде сөйлейтін.

Дұрыс жауаптарды табыңыздар

А) Christmas;

В) Jewish Passover Festival;

С) Easter.

А) on tn the moon’s cycle;

В) president’s wife;

С) parliament’s decision.

А) of fertility;

В) of wealth;

С) of health.

А) mince pie;

В) pancake;

С) sweets.

А) Christmas pudding;

В) pumpkin pie;

С) hot cross buns.

to celebrate; to come; to depend; to symbolise; to color; to present; to deecorate; to restrict; to roll; to televise.

the eating of meat and fats; procession; Easter eggs; on the moon’s cycle; the abundance of new life; eggs; holiday; gifts; the rock

3 Fill in the missings:

Мәтінді қолданбай, нүктенің орнын толтырыңыздар:

Easter is a Christian religious … which celebrates the … of Christ on Easter … . Ist exact … varies from year to … because it … on the moon’s … . Another symbol of … is the white …, or Easter … . The Easter …actually begins … days prior to Easter Sunday, on … Tuesday, or … Tuesday. The traditional … on … Tuesday is … . The new Easter …, purchased specifically for … in the … parade has become another part of Easter ….

4 Put the words in order:

Сөздерді ретімен қойып сөйлем құрастырыңыздар:

1 Santa Claus, to Easter, what, to, the Easter Bunny, Christmas, is

2 the ancient Egyptians, exchanging, elaborately, the custom of, Easter eggs, as gifts, and, begun, them, was, decorating, by

3 the New World, brought, settlers, a fun, British, with, custom, Easter, to, them

5 Answer the questions

Сұрақтарға жауап беріңіздер

1 What is the origin of the word “Easter“?

2 What is the main symbol of Easter?

3 Is Easter just for Christians?

4 Who began to celebrate spring festival?

5 What colors are associated with Easter?

6 When does the Easter season begin?

7 Do you understand what the word “Lent“ means?

8 Do other religious have restrictions like that?

9 Where do the British people like to go on Easter Sunday?

A young boy named Giles would not take even one. "Bake me a basketful of buns that I can sell," he said. "I do not want charity".

One a penny, two a penny, Hot Cross buns.

- rebirth – қайта туу

- baker - наубайшы

- buns – жүзім қосылған тоқаш

- charity - садақа

- church - шіркеу

2 Render the text

Мәтінді сөзбе сөз аударыңыз
Grammar
Choose the right preposition from the two given and fill in the gaps

to/for

А) I usually drive to work … I went by bus this morning.

В) I stayed at home … watched television.

С) There was a film on TV, … I watched it.

D) We didn’t go swimming … the water was cold.

E) It was late … I was tired, … I went to bed.

F) Do you want to go out … are you too tired?

G) I always enjoy visiting London, … I wouldn’t like to live there … it’s too big.

H) My sister is married … she lives in Astana.

I) Bill wasn’t hungry, … he didn’t eat anything.

J) I got up in the middle of the night … I couldn’t sleep.

K) It was very hot, … he opened the window.

A) He works … a banker.

B) He looks … his mother.

C) You speak …you’re chief in this company.

D) Don’t speak to me … that.

E) This house is … beautiful … that one.

F) … my dad, he always reads newspapers in the morning.

G) You dance … a real disc jockey.

H) … I’m tired, I am going to have a rest.

I) He was crying … if he lost a big sum of money.

Put in both/ either/ neither. Use of where necessary

A) Have you read the latest two postcards from Mary in the States?

- No, I haven’t read … them, yet.

B) Jill looks tired.

- Yes, … her children are in bed ill.

C) Do you like pop music or jazz.

- I don’t like … them. I prefer classical music.

D) Would you like potatoes or rice with your chicken?

-…, please! I’m really hungry.

E) I enjoyed ... those films.

- Did you? I didn’t like … of them.

F) Which question did you answer, number 1 or number 3?

- … . I answered number 4.