Методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов 4 курса, обучающихся по программе бакалавриата
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пособие для 4 курса
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- YOUNGER DOES NOT ALWAYS MEAN BETTER Recruitment policies in Britains businesses favour the young. Mature men and women (0)
| TEAMWORK AND STRESS
Stressful working conditions lead to a breakdown in group co-operation which can (0)…B… effectiveness and productivity, a study has found. Psychologists have discovered that when employees work in crisis (21) ……, they are less willing to work together. The study showed that when workers are under stress, they have a strong (22) …….. to concentrate on their own personal (23) …….. to the detriment of their colleagues. In the study, 100 naval personnel worked in groups of three, and each group was given a computer (24) …….. of a naval decision-making task. Under a high (25) ……. of stress, they had to monitor a radar screen with their own ship at the centre and numerous unidentified contacts around the ship. As (26) ……. , participants operating in this highly stressful situation performed worse than those operating under normal circumstances. But the results also showed that under stress, the workers' (27) ……….. of attention shifted from group involvement to a more narrow individual perspective, which led to a severe breakdown in team performance. ' The author of the study concludes that it is possible that, for many team tasks, the importance of teamwork behaviour such as co-ordination and communication may be (28) …….. as secondary to basic individual demands. In his opinion, the (29) ……. to achieve efficiency under stress is by delegation. Simplifying tasks by delegating parts of them, making them less demanding, is one of the best ways of (30) ……. the effectiveness of the group.
Part Five Questions 31-40 Read the article below about the problem of ageism. For each question (31-40), write one. There is an example at the beginning (0) YOUNGER DOES NOT ALWAYS MEAN BETTER Recruitment policies in Britain's businesses favour the young. Mature men and women (0) …ARE… being marginalised and their considerable skills lost to the economy. Cost-cutting policies such as delayering and downsizing, now widely criticised (31)…… causing loss of valuable knowledge and experience, are hardest on more mature staff. All around us can (32)……seen the effects of ageism. Highly qualified, middle-aged people with excellent CVs apply for jobs, but do not get them because younger applicants are preferred (33) ……. the basis of age alone. Similarly, when it comes (34) …. promotion, younger employees are often more successful than their older colleagues, because (35) …… former are seen as more dynamic and ambitious. Our research, however, suggests otherwise: it is the mature manager who is considerably (36) ……. capable of handling the complex dynamics of office life and creating an effective team. The challenge of working in today's flatter organisations is best handled (37) ……. experienced, older managers, provided they have positive personalities. Our research demonstrates that it (38) …… older senior managers, not younger executives, who take the more balanced view (39) required to take decisions, and are more likely than younger colleagues to evolve positive relationships with people from other departments and from outside the organisation. Similarly, the effectiveness of strategic decisionmaking and the implementation of company policy benefit (40) the presence of older senior managers in the top team. WRITING The bar charts below show the figures for a train operator's reliability (percentage of timetabled trains actually running), punctuality and complaints received during a 12-week period. Using the information from the charts, write a short report summarising the changes that took place in reliability, punctuality and the number of complaints. Write 120-140 words. LISTENING Part One Questions 1-12 You will hear the Chief Executive of a steel company talking to shareholders about the company's performance over the last year. As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes, using up to three words or a number. After you have listened once, replay the recording. жүктеу/скачать 3,86 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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