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Lecture 10 The Phrase: Principles of Classification
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- 1. The phrase as the basic unit of syntax. Differential features of the phrase and of the sentence
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The Phrase: Principles of Classification 1. The phrase as the basic unit of syntax. Differential features of the phrase and of the sentence. 2. Types of phrases. The traditional part of speech classification of phrases. Nominative classifications of phrases. 3. Types of syntactic relations. 1. The phrase as the basic unit of syntax. Differential features of the phrase and of the sentence One problem concerning the phrase is the absence of a universal term. Before the 20th century the word “phrase” was used to denote this linguistic phenomenon, however, it was dismissed by H. Sweet who considered it too vague. There appeared new terms, such as “word group” and “word cluster”. Later L. Bloomfield restored the past status of “phrase”, and currently this term is widely used by American linguists. Another problem is connected with the definition of the phrase. Despite the fact that the phrase, along with the sentence, is a basic unit of syntax, there is no universally accepted definition of the phrase. Some scholars define the phrase as a combination of at least two notional words which do not constitute the sentence but are syntactically connected. However, the majority of Western linguists and Russian researchers Prof. B. Ilyish and V. Burlakova believe that a combination of a notional word with a functional word can be treated as a phrase as well, that is they term “phrase” every combination of two or more words, which is a grammatical unit but is not an analytical form of some word. The problem is disputable since the role of functional words is to denote some abstract relations and they are devoid of nominative power. On the other hand, such combinations are syntactically bound and they should belong somewhere. We shall adhere to the view supported by B. Ilyish and V. Burlakova. Despite all the controversies regarding the essence and nature of the phrase, the most adequate interpretation seems to be as follows: the phrase is any 75 syntactically organized group including either notional words (happy life, very nice, to ignore the comment), or both notional and functional words (on the table, in the bag, under the tree) connected with any of the existent types of syntactic connection. The phrase is a linear language unit that can be either a part of the sentence, or a separate sentence thus acquiring not only intonation coloring and corresponding phrase stress, but also communicative orientation. Thus, the жүктеу/скачать 0,5 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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