М., 1984. с. 7–11.
и. и. прибыток. М., 2008. с. 159–165.
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21. sentence: general characteristics
Sentence is the second linguistic unit falling under syntax.
Sentence, as well as phrase, must be considered on a separate level of
linguistic analysis. Among various definitions given to the sentence the
most general one is the following: Sentence is the minimal syntactic
structure used in speech communication, distinguished by predication
and built up of words according to a definite syntactic pattern.
This definition focuses on three aspects of the sentence: pragmatic,
semantic and structural. The sentence is a means of communication, in
contrast to a phrase which performs nominative function. Intonation
is a specific feature of the sentence as a unit of communication. In the
semantic aspect, the sentence is characterized by its specific category
of predication which establishes the relation of the named phenomena
to actual life. The centre of predication is a finite verb. Predication
is performed through the verbal categories of tense and mood. The
structural aspect is confined to the fact that every actual sentence is
built up according to a definite syntactic pattern. The variety of such
patterns is specific of a particular language, but their number is always
finite. The exact number of sentence patterns in English is determined
by the level of linguistic analysis: the most abstract level produces three
basic structures (Ch. Fries), while the most detailed analysis results in
fifty one (A.S. Hornby).
Each of the aspects presented in the definition makes a basis for
classification of sentences. The sentence is a unit of communication
therefore the primary classification is based on the communicative
principle. This principle is formulated in traditional grammar as the
purpose of communication.
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