Секция
«
Социология
и
политология
»
Pursuit of Western model of democracy
The second factor infl uencing Ukraine’s political decisions is the
pursuit of democratization. As Ukraine geographically lies in Europe,
the desirable attempts to integrate with the West could be held back
only by the pro-Russian political elite and the Middle Ukraine.
The European Union is one of the important actors in leading
Ukraine to the democracy path, whose interest was especially shown in
Ukraine after the Orange revolution 2004. However, as Kubicek (2005)
writes, Ukraine for well-known reasons is considered as one of the most
‘‘reluctant’’ democratizers in Eastern Europe. Only 22% of Ukrainian
respondents in a national survey stated that they saw their country as a
democracy as of 2003.
Indeed, Ukraine is identifi ed as a partially democratic state with
similar characteristics of electoral regime to the Russian one. Beichelt
(2007) distinguishes two threats for the regime: Kuchma’s intentions
to keep and suppress post-communist powers, and the diversity of
socio-economic clans who hold more or less control on regions. Such a
diversity of clans leads to decentralization of force.
Such political restrictions, violation of the constitution, and the
autocratic suppression leads to revolts and democratic movements,
especially in the presence of the ‘politically active’ citizen’s model.
Moreover, since Ukraine was a half-democratic state, the power
struggles between democratic and autocratic leaders are unavoidable.
A breakthrough towards democratization of the country is
considered the Orange Revolution 2004 as a political competition
aiming for democratic credentials, which occurred because of the
levels of economic development, literacy and urbanization, the nation’s
cultural propensity for democratic rule, geographic location, and a lack
of important natural resources such as oil, gas and diamonds. These
inclinations served as an incentive for the people, who mobilized having
a single idea of shifting the authoritarian power. Lack of resources also
causes a desire to promote a more intensive development and fi ght
against corruption.
McFaul (2007) provides arguments that partial democracies hinder
true democratization more than harsher autocracies, since liberalized
autocracies can handle public pressure for change, succeeding better
than full dictatorships in preventing the regime collapse. For example,
President Kuchma sought to build a system of “managed democracy”
560
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |