Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов
READING Exercise 10. Read the text, try to focus on its essential facts and choose the most
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- MOTOR CAR STRUCTURE
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Exercise 10. Read the text, try to focus on its essential facts and choose the most suitable heading given below for each paragraph. 1) Engine 2) Suspension System 3) Integral Chassis Frame and Body 4) Motor Car Components 5) Transmission and Drive Lines MOTOR CAR STRUCTURE A structure of a vehicle has to fulfil a number of requirements. The prime purpose of the vehicle structure is to provide a location for all the necessary ve- hicle systems and components. The purpose of the vehicle will also dictate the size and weight of the vehicle systems and components and therefore the struc- ture will be designed accordingly. The main structural components of a motor car are engine, chassis and body. Chassis embraces transmission (clutch, gear- box, propeller shaft, main shaft, differentials, final drive shafts or half-shafts), drive lines (frame, front and rear axles, suspension and wheels) and steering systems (wheel steering and brake steering). 199 Motor car components The usual source of power for a motor car is an internal combustion en- gine. A petrol (gasoline) engine has traditionally been the most popular for light passenger vehicles. The engine in heavy vehicles is usually a large capacity diesel, the main requirements for which are an ability to produce high levels of pulling power, reliability, and low fuel consumption. The power of the engine is transmitted through the transmission and drive lines to the drive wheels. For the rear-wheel drive (RWD) layout, the rear wheels act as the driving wheels. Spacing out the main components in this lay- out makes each unit accessible but a drawback is the intrusion of the transmis- sion components into the passenger compartment. The compactness of the front-wheel drive (FWD) layout has made it very popular on modern cars, especially on small cars. The arrangement of four-wheel drive (4WD) is safer because it distributes the drive to all four wheels and during acceleration it re- duces the risks of wheel spin. The suspension system involving springs, shock absorbers and linkages serves a dual purpose: contributing to the vehicle’s handling for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicles occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road bumps, vibrations, etc. 200 Front-wheel drive Rear-wheel drive Four-wheel drive Most modern cars are built with an integral chassis frame and body. This frameless or integral arrangement provides a stiff light construction to the mo- tor car, which is particularly suitable for mass-produced vehicles. A suitable designed body shell can withstand various frame stresses. A lightweight uni- tary construction contains relatively light vehicle systems and components and provides sufficient space for a driver and passengers. жүктеу/скачать 4,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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