Ex. II, p. 71
b) болезнь — illness [′ɪlnɪs], disease [di'zi:z], malady [' mælədi], ailment ['eɪlmənt]
симптом — symptom [' sɪmptəm]
отчаяние — despair [di'speə]
тиф — 1. typhoid [′taɪfᴐɪd], typhoid fever [[′taɪfᴐɪd ′firvə] (брюшной тиф); 2. typhus
['taɪfəs], spotted fever [′spɒtɪd′fi:və] (сыпной тиф)
алфавит — alphabet ['ælfəbet]
дифтерит — diphtheria [dif′θɪ(ə)riə], diphtheritis [ˏdɪfθə'raɪtɪs]
холера-cholera ['kɒlərə]
талия — waist [weɪst]
скарлатина — scarlet fever ['skɑ:lɪt 'fi:və]
аптекарь — chemist ['kemɪst]
c) illness — disease, malady, ailment
friend — chum (pal, buddy — not from the text)
doctor — medical man
look quickly — glance
imagine — fancy
do a favour to smb. — oblige smb.
die — pass away
Ex. IV, p. 72
1. I am suffering from insomnia. 2. I am sneezing and coughing all the time. 3.I
have a sore throat. 4. To crown it all/ On top of all/I've caught a cold. 5. I am short of
breath. 6. Your lungs are all right. 7. Breathe in deeply through the nose. 8. You may
have a nervous breakdown. 9. Have regular meals and keep to a diet of
vegetables.
10. A tablespoonful three times a day. 11. I promise you full recovery within three
months. 12. I will think it over. 13. I'm glad I've found you in. 14. I'm bursting with
news. 15. None of them! 16. It had been bothering him for two days. 17. I was the
only doctor in the surgery. 18. Poor thing! 19. Don't be silly. 20. I chose the easiest
tooth to begin with. 21. And how did you get along? 22. I gave him a couple of
injections/shots. 23. Perhaps I had better drop in? 24. He will keep them (as
souvenirs) to remember me by.
Ex. VII a), p. 73
He was taken to hospital and operated on/underwent an operation for
appendicitis. — Его отвезли в больницу с приступом аппендицита и
прооперировали.
After I've had some injections of tonic I feel quite cured of all my ailments. —
После нескольких уколов тонизирующего препарата я, похоже, излечился от
всех своих болячек.
The child is ill/laid up with chicken pox. He'll soon recover if no complications
set in. — У ребенка ветрянка. Если не будет осложнений, он скоро поправится.
Smallpox is a catching disease marked by fever and small red spots on the body
and often leaves permanent marks. — Оспа — это заразная болезнь,
сопровождающаяся высокой температурой и появлением мелкой красной сыпи,
от которой нередко остаются рубцы/неизгладимые отметины.
I've been on sick leave for a fortnight already, but I don't feel any better so far. —
Я на больничном уже две недели, но мне пока не стало лучше.
The doctor diagnosed the illness as tuberculosis (t. b.). — Врач поставил
диагноз: туберкулез./Врач определил, что у пациента туберкулез.
A doctor who performs/carries out operations is called a surgeon. Nowadays
operations may be performed almost on any part of the body. — Врач, проводящий
операции/осуществляющий оперативное вмешательство, называется хирургом.
В настоящее время операции могут проводиться почти на любой части тела.
When people have pain in their teeth, they go to a dentist to have the holes in
their teeth filled/stopped. When necessary, they may have their teeth taken/pulled
out. — Когда у человека болят зубы, он идет к стоматологу, чтобы
запломбировать их/ поставить пломбы. В случае необходимости больные зубы
можно удалить.
People who are treated in health centres/polyclinics are called out-patients, those
who stay in hospital are called in-patients. —; Пациенты, которых лечат в
поликлиниках, называются амбулаторными больными, а пациенты, которых
лечат в больницах, — стационарными.
Something is wrong with my legs: all my joints ache and when I bend my knee, it
hurts me. — У меня что-то с ногами: все суставы ноют и больно сгибать колено.
The old man's sight is getting dim, his eyes are sore, swollen and itching. — У
старика слабеет зрение, глаза у него воспалились, опухли и чешутся.
Ex. VIII а), р. 73
Scarlet fever is an infectious fever, marked by the appearance on the second day
of a bright red rash consisting of closely-set red spots. Shortly after the patient
develops a high temperature and suffers from painful sore throat. On the third or
fourth day the rash starts to fade and in favourable cases the temperature
falls and the patient feels better. At the end of a week the rash usually disappears.
Complete recovery may be expected within the following month. The complications
of scarlet fever are very serious, the commonest being inflammation of the ear.
Scarlet fever is essentially a disease of children and young persons.
Ex. XIII, p. 75
1. I must have caught (the) flu. 2. You had better consult a doctor. 3. The doctor
felt my pulse, checked my heart and lungs and took my temperature. 4. She is in no
condition to talk, she has got a terrible toothache. 5. I am shivering all over. I must
have caught (a) cold. 6. I can't read aloud, I have a sore throat. 7. There is nothing to
worry about, he has been successfully operated on/hi& operation has been a success.
8. I think I'll take these pills for headache. 9. Why are you bare-headed in such
weather? You have been seriously/gravely ill lately. Complications may set in./You
may have complications. 10. Have you been X-rayed? 11. Here is the prescription.
Take a tablespoonful of the mixture three times a day. 12. Have you sent for the
doctor? 13. You've get two bad teeth. You ought to/should go to a dentist. 14. The
doctor asked the patient to strip to the waist and examined him. 15. Who will go to
the chemist's to have the prescription/ medicine made up? 16. If you hadn't followed
the doctor's directions, you wouldn't have recovered so quickly. 17. If I were you, I
would keep to/follow a diet because there is something wrong with your stomach. 18.
What a pity that the doctor forgot to prescribe a medicine for my running nose. 19.
Why are you short of breath? Do you have a high blood pressure or is there
anything/something wrong with your heart? 20. The child has scarlet fever. He will
have to stay in bed for ten days or so/for about ten days.
Ex. XIV, p. 77
The scrap of paper was a bill for Mr. Strelnikov's appendicitis operation/operation
for appendicitis (for the operation Mr. Strelnikov had undergone for appendicitis).
One of us happened to see such a document for the first time in his life, and it was
very interesting for him to read it. It ran, "Blood test — $25. Surgeon's fee — $200.
Anaesthesia — $35. Day in hospital — $200. TV — $3 per day." Altogether/In
total/All in all kissing his appendix goodbye/waving goodbye to his appendix/
getting rid of his appendix was to cost Mr. Strelnikov 1112 dollars. That included the
doctor's fee for the diagnosis, the cost of taking out the stitch, etc.
If Mr. Strelnikov had wished to extend his stay in hospital to seven days, which is
standard/normal for our/this country, the bill would have become twice as big/long.
However, as a citizen of a country where medical care is free, he didn't have to pay for
the operation out of his salary/out of his pocket. It was the state that paid for him. And
he stayed in hospital as long as Americans do, that is three days.
Ex. XVII a), p. 77
1. В Англии первичным медицинским обслуживанием занимаются семейные
врачи, работающие в системе Государственной службы здравоохранения. Оно
включает услуги врачей, стоматологов, магазинов «Оптика» и аптек,
выбираемых самим пациентом. Семейные врачи, работающие по договору с
Государственной службой здравоохранения, имеют в среднем по 2250
пациентов. В случае болезни они ставят первоначальный диагноз и либо
прописывают соответствующий курс лечения, либо направляют больного к
более узким специалистам или на консультацию в больницу.
Многие больницы, работающие в системе Государственной службы
здравоохранения, были построены в XIX веке, а некоторые, такие, например, как
знаменитые больницы Св. Варфоломея и Св. Фомы, ведут свое происхождение
от еще более ранних благотворительных учреждений.
Около 85% стоимости медицинских услуг оплачивается из налоговых
поступлений, остальное покрывается за счет Государственной службы
здравоохранения и тех денег, которые пациенты платят за рецепты, лечение и
протезирование зубов и очки. Органы здравоохранения могут также собирать
добровольные пожертвования.
2. Никто не станет утверждать, что Государственная служба здравоохранения
Великобритании работает идеально. Многие врачи жалуются, что им приходится
тратить уйму времени, заполняя бланки общенационального медицинского
страхования, и что с таким огромным количеством пациентов им не хватает
времени, чтобы пролечить хотя бы одного из них должным образом. А
медсестры говорят, что им приходится слишком много работать, а зарплата у
них несоизмеримо низкая.
3. Многие больницы, работающие в системе Государственной службы
здравоохранения, устарели и переполнены, а из-за недостатка коек больным
приходится подолгу ждать операций. Богатые предпочитают обращаться к
частнопрактикующим врачам или же к специалистам с Харли-стрит, зна-
менитой «врачебной» улицы в Лондоне. Когда такие люди заболевают, они
ложатся в частные клиники, пребывание в которых может стоить целых сто
фунтов в неделю. Они также могут заплатить за отдельную палату в обычной
больнице, что обойдется примерно в десять фунтов в день.
UNIT THREE
Ex. II, p. 85
1. Will it be convenient for/to everybody to have our meeting after the lessons?
— I believe so, but I don't know if it will be convenient for/to our teacher. 2. Would
it be easy/difficult for the second-year students to read English newspapers? — If
you mean papers published in Britain, I think it would be difficult for them so far. 3.
Which is more important for a student: to read or to speak English well? — If the
student is going to become a teacher, it's equally vital for him or her both to read and
speak well. 4. Do you think it would be useful for students with bad spelling to copy
English texts? — It might be helpful/good for them, but to tell you the truth it's a very
tiresome job. 5. Will it be useful/good for students to take part in the phonetic contest
at our department? — Of course. It will be excellent for the first- year students as it
will give them a good chance to brush up their pronunciation.
Ex. Ill, p. 85
1. It will be easy for her to make friends with children: they like the way she plays
with them. 2. It would be interesting for me to take part in the excursion if I were
younger. 3. I don't like the way you read, you should give more attention to reading
aloud. 4. I think it's necessary for you to consult a doctor about your headache. 5. I
don't like the way this nurse gives injections. 6. It will be interesting for the first-year
students to learn about the history and traditions of our Institute.
Ex. III, p. 94
grow — grew, grown, growing build — built, built, building
attract — attracted, attracted, attracting
send — sent, sent, sending
display — displayed, displayed, displaying
flow — flowed, flowed, flowing
lie — lied, lied, lying (лгать)
lie — lay, lain, lying (лежать)
hurry — hurried, hurried, hurrying
strike — struck, struck, striking
puzzle — puzzled, puzzled, puzzling
b) Celtic [′keltɪk, 'seltɪk
]
settlement [' setlmənt]
commerce [′kɒmɜs]
finance [faɪ′næns]
explore [ik'splᴐ:]
kilometre [' kiləmi:tə]
parliamentary [ˏpala' ment(ə)ri]
magnificent [maeg'nɪfɪs(ə)nt]
ceramics [si' ræmɪks]
metalwork ['metlwɜ:k]
photography [fə'tɒgrəfɪ]
atomic [ə'tɒmɪk]
royal [' rᴐɪəl]
canal [кə'næl]
sunbather ['sʌnbeɪðə]
major ['meɪdʒə]
barrier ['bæriə]
panorama [рənə′rɑ:mə]
double-decker [ˏdʌb(ə)l′dekə]
disaster [di'zɑ:stə]
с) narrow — narrower — narrowest small — smaller — smallest great —
greater — greatest old — older/elder — oldest/eldest quiet — quieter/more
quiet — quietest/most quiet worthy — worthier — worthiest busy — busier
— busiest easy — easier — easiest
Ex. IV, p. 94
eat — uneatable, i. e. not fit to be eaten — несъедобный read — unreadable, i. е. 1.
difficult or impossible to read, especially because of extreme untidiness —
неразборчивый; 2. too dull to be read; not worth reading — скучный,
нечитабельный break — unbreakable, i. e. impossible to break — неломкий,
нехрупкий, небьющийся forget — unforgettable, i. e. impossible to forget —
незабываемый
pardon — unpardonable, i. e. that cannot be forgiven — непростительный describe
— undescribable (also indescribable), i. e. that cannot be described — неописуемый
desire — undesirable, i. e. unpleasant and unwanted — нежелательный
imagine — unimaginable, i. e. that cannot be imagined —
невообразимый believe — unbelievable, i. e. too improbable to be believed or
very surprising — невероятный
Ex. IX, p. 96
a) 1. I won't be surprised if he gets a "five", he is a very bright boy. 2. We were
struck by the contrasts between wealth and poverty in Delhi. 3. His question puzzled
me. I didn't know how to answer it. 4. I was surprised to meet him in town. I was
sure he had not come back yet. 5. His cruelty struck/astonished us. We had always
thought that he was kind and sympathetic.
b) 1. Pick up the pieces of the broken cup and throw them out. 2. Give me a piece of
paper. I'll show you how to make a boat for the child. 3. I'd like to take one more piece
of cake. May I? 4. I never put more than two lumps of sugar into my tea. 5. I need a
short piece of string to tie the parcel with. 6. I'd like to have a slice of lemon with my
tea.
с) 1. Red Square is a historic spot: many historic events took place in it. 2. In his
historical novels Walter Scott gave a wonderful description not only of historical
events, but of whole historical epochs. 3. The ninth of May is one of the most
important historical dates: we celebrate our historic victory in World War II. 4. There
are many historical monuments in Moscow.
Ex. XI a), p. 96
Please remember: traffic in Britain keeps to the left! So when crossing a street look
right first, then left. If possible, cross over zebra crossings, sometimes indicated with
flashing orange lights on either side of the road.
The speed limit in Britain is 70 mph (= miles per hour); in built-up areas 30 mph.
Careful riding is essential as there are many narrow and winding roads.
Roads for fast long distance driving are called motorways. The best known is the
motorway between London and Leeds. Road signs are mostly the same as those used
on the continent. The same goes for traffic lights.
Ex. XII a), p. 97
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. — Букв, пер.: Одна птица в руке
стоит двух в кустах. Русск. же.: Лучше синица в руке, чем журавль в небе.
The game is not worth the candle. — Игра не стоит свеч.
An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. Букв, пер.: Один час утром
стоит двух вечером. Русск. же.: Утро вечера мудренее.
Bet veen two evils 'tis not worth choosing. Букв, пер.: Нет смысла/Не стоит
выбирать из двух зол. Русск. же.: Хрен редьки не слаще.
Ex. XII, р. 97
1. It is not well worth taking a trip along the Thames today: the wind is too strong. 2.
It is well worth taking/following his advice. 3. It isn't well worth spending your time
on things you are not interested in. 4. It is well worth visiting the Science Museum in
London. 5. Just as Westminster often stands for Parliament of Great Britain, so the
City is its financial centre. 6. Just as the Humanities/the Arts stand for history,
literature and foreign languages, so the Sciences stand for physics, chemistry, botany,
etc.
Ex. XV a), p. 98
Кроме важнейших новостей, публикуемых на первой полосе под
аршинными заголовками/под заголовками, набранными крупным жирным
шрифтом, в газете есть и множество других разделов. Некоторые читатели
сразу же обращаются к страницам тематических объявлений, называемых так
потому, что все онирдзбиты по темам, например «Сдается внаем», «Куплю»,
«Требуются»/«Работа» и т. п. Для тех, кто интересуется тем, что сейчас носят,
существуют странички моды. Если вам хочется узнать, где что идет, какие и
где проводятся выставки и т. п., можно посмотреть раздел «Афиша». Неко-
торым нравится просматривать всю газету, страница за страницей, то читая
заголовки, то пробегая глазами какую-нибудь статью, то разглядывая
политические карикатуры или знакомясь с теми или иными новостями бизнеса.
Ex. XVI, р. 98
1. The speaker spoke about the future of mankind. 2. This picture always attracts the
visitors of the museum. 3. The inscription on the monument puzzled the tourists
because/as none of them had come across Old English before. 4. We were surprised
to learn that near Marble Arch in Hyde Park anyone can air their views on any
subject. One may often hear a lot of nonsense there. 5. Here is the advertisement/ad
you need. 6. Believe me, this young man is worthy of your respect. 7. Nowadays
pounds and pence are in circulation in Britain. 8. 1945 is a historic year for all
mankind. 9. Every British newspaper has its own readership/ circle of readers. 10.
London like any other capital/capital city with heavy traffic has its share of
road/motoring/traffic accidents. 11. The Vorobiovy Hills give a striking panorama of
Moscow. 12. The place is/The premises are heated with hot water circulating in
pipes. 13. Hundreds of new houses grow up/spring up/appear in all the cities and
towns of our/this country. 14. The visitors of this museum are attracted by its rich
collection of fine and applied arts. 15. The exhibits in the History Museum display
the development of civilization on the territory of Russia. 16. The speed limit in
Moscow's residential areas/districts is 60 km p. h. (kilometres per hour).
Ex. XVII, p. 100
After more than ten years of debating whether it is worth/ well worth allowing
television into the British Parliament, the Lords have at long last permitted the
installation of TV cameras in their House. The Commons, however, won't pass a
similar resolution. One of the main opponents of broadcasting/airing/ televising the
sessions of Parliament live/of putting the sessions of Parliament on the air is Prime
Minister Margaret Thatcher. To justify her stance she claims that such broadcasts
will cost too much. But according to the London correspondent of the American
newspaper "Christian Science Monitor" the true reason for Mrs. Thatcher's stubborn
resistance is her unwillingness to publicize/to bring to light the criticism of her
government. Besides, as Lord Whitelow has pointed out in a recent debate, another
big problem is the fact that many MPs just doze off during the sessions. Showing the
napping legislators on TV/Airing the napping legislators will surely not boost their
popularity.
Ex. I, p. 109
mansion — a large and stately house
to live from hand to mouth — to have only just enough money
to live on and nothing for the future miserable houses — poor unrepaired houses to
line the streets — to form rows along the streets dome — a rounded roof on a
building
slums — a city area of old unrepaired houses and poor living conditions
to come first — 1. to be the first to come; 2. to win a competition ( also to come
second, third, etc.); 3. to be more important to smb. than anything else, e. g. My
family comes first, my work second) the Crown Jewels — the crowns, jewels,
swords, etc. worn by
the monarch on important state occasions statesman — a political or government
leader, especially one
who is respected as being wise, honest and disinterested huge — 1. extremely large;
2. very great in degree
across the road — on the opposite side of the road, e. g. the
house across the road = the house opposite the seat of the government — the
building(s) where the government works; the seat of smth. — the place where smth.
is or where a particular activity is carried on at the cost of smb's life — at the loss of
smb's life, given to
obtain or save smth. or smb. to face smth. — 1. to have or turn the face or front to
smth. or in a certain direction; 2. to have to deal with (a problem or unpleasant
situation), e. g. We are facing a bleak future if Father doesn't find a job; 3.to accept or
to deal with (a problem, unpleasant situation, opponent, enemy, etc.) firmly, e. g.
You'll have to face the facts: your grammar isn't good enough, and you will hardly be
able to pass the exam
shady avenues — broad streets with pavements protected from the sun by trees
Ex. II, p. 109
mansion [' mænʃ(ə)n] большой особняк
restaurant [′rest(ə)rɒnt] ресторан
jewel [′dʒu:əl] драгоценность
guard [gɑ:d] 1. n охрана; охранник, часовой; 2. v охранять
halt [hᴐ:lt] останавливать(ся)
column ['kɒləm] 1. колонна; 2. колонка, столбец (в газете)
ton [tʌn] тонна
sovereign ['sɒvrɪn] 1. n суверен; 2. adj суверенный
national [′næʃ(ə)nəl]национальный, государственный; народный, всенародный
float [fləᴜt] плавать; держаться на поверхности
sculpture ['skʌlptʃə] скульптура, статуя
swan [swɒn] лебедь
weigh [weɪ] взвешивать(ся)
conqueror [ ′k ɒ ƞ k ə r ə ] завоеватель
specimen ['spesɪmɪn] образец, образчик
ho'tel, 'ceremony, Re'naissanc/'Renaissance [rɪ′neɪs(ə)ns, ˏrenə'sɑ:ns], Tra'falgar
'Square, 'manuscript, 'avenue,
architect, E'lizabeth,'Senate
с) build — rebuild — 1. строить заново, восстанавливать; 2. перестраивать tell —
retell — пересказывать
construct — reconstruct — 1. реконструировать, перестраивать; 2.
восстанавливать, воссоздавать arm — rearm — перевооружать produce —
reproduce — воспроизводить
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