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In Kyrgyz, Simple Present Tense is composed of a single verb associated with English
Present Indefinite Tense as it represents an action which is regular or normal. E.g.: ‘Бай жебеген
тамакты
жейт
, кийбеген кийимди
киет
’. [Bay jebegen tamakty jeyt, kiybegen kiyimdi kiet]
(К. Баялинов) Lit.: A
man of fortune
eats
dish fit for the gods, and
wears
silk-stocks.
(a)
2
.
Complex Present Tense (Татаал учур чак)
In English it is known as a Present Continuous Tense formed on the basis of analytical
approach using a main verb and auxiliary verbs: отуруу (to sit), туруу (to stand), жатуу (to lie
down), жүрүү (walk) and the copular personal endings for agreement. E.g.: ‘Терезеден бирөө
карап турат
’ (M. Элебаев). [Terezeden bıröö karap turat] ‘Someone
is looking
out of the
window’. ‘Кубанычымдан
жашып отурам
’ (А. Токомбаев). [Kubanychymdan jashıp
oturam] Lit.: ‘The tears of happiness
are falling
from my check’. )
This auxiliary verbs represent durative aspects, indicating that the action is ongoing and in
process.
(b)
1. Definite Future Tense (Айкын келер чак)
The Simple Definite Future tense has the identical surface form as the simple present tense.
Simple future tense understood as being a future action based on context and supporting
temporal adverbs and cases which stands before adverbs. E.g.:
Койчу кой соет.
[koychu koy soyot]
‘The shepherd slaughters a sheep’
. (as he always does)
Койчу койду соет.
[koychu koydu soyot]
Lit.:
‘The shepherd will slaughter a sheep’
. (future
action)
Мен шаарда турам.
[men shaarda turam]
‘I live in the city’.
Мен шаарга турам.
[men shaarga turam]
‘I will live in the city’
.
(b)
2. Non-Definite Future Tense/Possible Future Tense (Арсар келер чак)
It is formed in Kyrgyz language grammar using the suffixes –
ar/-er/-r,
(with –r being used
when the verb root ends in a vowel) and plus personal endings. This tense is used in statements
that may or may not come to pass in the future. In English it is known
as a Non-Definite Future
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Tense. E.g.: Дагы бир
жолугарбыз
(К. Каимов) [жолук+ар+быз] [Dagy bir jolugarbyz]
(Maybe) we will meet again.
Possible Future Tense can be found in sentences with conditional mood:
Сен келсен, мен
барармын.
[Sen kelsen, men bararmyn]
If you come, then I will go.
The interrogative form is
used by adding question suffixes –bi, however in most cases
it is formed by particle
beken
,
conveying a similar meaning to the rhetorical ‘I wonder…’ in English: Атаң сени
көрөр бекен
?
[Atan senı körör beken] (Атаң сени көрөрбү?) (Т. Сыдыкбеков)
I wonder If your father will
see you
. Татынакай, татынакай эртең да ушундай күн
болор бекен
? [Tatynakay, tatynakay
erten da ushunday kün bolor beken?] (Эртең ушундай күн болорбу?) (Т. Сыдыкбеков) Lit.:
'
Pretty, pretty… I wonder if tomorrow will be the same.’
(c)
1. Definite Past Tense (Айкын өткөн чак)
The Definite Past Tense indicates the actions which definitely occurred in the past. In
Kyrgyz language it is formed with the suffix –
DI
after the verbal root. The suffix has the
following allomorphs –dy, -di, -ty, -ti. Unlike the many other tenses,
personal endings for the
simple past tense are true suffixes and not clitics, [-DI] suffix plus the agreement suffix act as the
centers of stress.
Table 2.2. Simple
Past Tense Paradigm
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: