«Фараби Әлемі» атты студенттер мен жас ғалымдардың халықаралық конференциясы
24
ENZYMES: THE PROMINENT WAY TO FIGHT TUMORS
Shirniyazov M.G.
Supervisor: PhD Ospanova G.
Suleyman Demirel University
muhammedali20180011@gmail.com
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases affecting millions of people worldwide.
Despite advances in cancer research, treatment options are often limited and come with significant
side effects. However, enzymes have become a promising tool in the fight against cancer, offering
new approaches to cancer treatment that are both effective and minimally invasive. Enzymes are
biocatalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms.
They play a crucial role in
maintaining metabolic processes necessary for survival, and their ability to catalyze reactions with
high specificity and efficiency makes them indispensable candidates with the ability to selectively
target cancer cells and increase the effectiveness of traditional cancer therapies
One innovative use of enzymes is to prevent the development of cancer cells. They can be
used to affect cancer cells directly or indirectly. One approach is to use enzymes that are
specifically activated by cancer cells, called pro-enzymes or pro-drugs. In 2005, Joseph F. Novak
and Franticek Trnka used this use of enzymes to detect early pancreatic cancer cells. They are
activated only when a working cancer cell enzyme is present nearby, thereby making them easier to
identify in the body in the early stages.
There are also methods of using the treatment against already active and mature tumors. One
such example is photodynamic therapy. This type of cancer treatment
involves injecting a light-
activated photosensitizer to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill cancer cells.
Enzymes such as glucose oxidase can be used to selectively produce ROSs in cancer cells,
minimizing damage to healthy cells.
These treatment pathways clearly demonstrate that enzymes have many potential applications
in the fight against cancer. They can be used to selectively
target cancer cells, enhance the
effectiveness of
traditional cancer therapies, and stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells.
As enzyme research continues, the potential uses of these powerful biocatalysts become
increasingly apparent, opening new avenues for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer,
as well as other diseases. Because of their versatility, specificity, and minimal side effects, enzymes
are likely to play an increasingly important
role in the future of medicine, helping to improve
patient outcomes and change the healthcare landscape.
«Фараби Әлемі» атты студенттер мен жас ғалымдардың халықаралық конференциясы
25
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