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Partly assimilated borrowings



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Partly assimilated borrowings are subdivided into the following groups:

  • borrowings non- assimilated semantically, because they denote objects and notions peculiar to the country from the language of which they were borrowed, e.g. sari, sombrero, taiga, kvass;

  • borrowings non- assimilated grammatically, e.g. bacillus-bacilli, phenomenon- phenomena, datum- data, genius-genii,etc.

  • borrowings non- assimilated phonetically, e.g. girl, get, give, kid, kill, kettle, German, child, life-live, police, cartoon, camouflage, bourgeois;

  • borrowings can be partly assimilated graphically, e.g. Greek borrowings ‘y’ can be spelled in the middle of the word ( symbol, synonym), ‘ph’ denotes the sound [f] ( phoneme, morpheme), ’ch’ denotes the sound [k] ( chemistry, chaos), ‘ps’ denotes the sound [ s] psychology.

Non-assimilated assimilated borrowings ( barbarisms) are borrowings which are used by Englishmen rather seldom and are non-assimilated, e.g. addio ( It), tete-a –tete ( French), dolce vita ( Ital), duende (span).
Text: Theory of Electrification

1. Historically there have been two outstanding theories of electrification: the one-fluid theory of Benjamin Franklin and the two-fluid theory of Charles Du Fay,. According to the two-fluid theory, all objects contain equal amounts of two fluids. When two different substances are rubbed together, one kind of fluids (positive0 is spread over one object and the other kind of fluid (negative0 over the other.

2. According to the one-fluid theory of Franklin, all bodies contain a certain specified amount of an “electric fire” or fluid to keep them in an uncharged or neutral state. When two objects are rubbed together; one accumulates an excess of fluid and becomes positively charged while the other loses fluid and becomes negatively charged. To Franklin we owe the terms “plus” and “minus”, “positive” and “negative” electricity.

3. We consider both of these theories to be in part correct, for now we know the mechanism by which bodies become electrified by friction. The modern theory is based upon the principle already put forward – that all substances are made of atoms and molecules. Each atom contains a nucleus having a known amount of positive charge. This positive charge is due to the presence in the nucleus of a certain number of protons. All protons are alike and have the same mass and positive charge. Around every atomic nucleus there are a number of negatively charged particles, called electrons.

4 .While protons are much smaller than electrons in size, they contain the bulk of the mass of every atom. One proton, for example, weighs nearly two thousand times as much as an electron. The electrons therefore are light particles or objects around a small but relatively heavy nucleus.

5. Individually atoms or large groups of atoms and molecules have an affinity, an attraction for additional electrons over and the exact number which will just neutralize the positive charges of the nuclei. This attraction of the atoms for more than a sufficient number of electrons varies considerably from atom to atom and substance to substance. When, therefore, two different substances are brought onto contact, the substance with greater electron affinity seizes nearby electrons from the other, and thus acquires a net negative charge. Such is the case, for example, with rubber and amber when they are rubbed with fur. Having astrong affinity for electrons, both of these solids become strongly negative, whereas the fur becomes deficient of electrons and thereby positively charged.


Tasks and questions:

I. Translate borrowings paying attention to plural form of them:

Datum-data, erratum-errata, memorandum-memoranda, nucleus-nuclei, formula-formulae, series-series, basis- bases, crisis- crises, analysis-analyses, phenomenon-phenomena

II. Translate the following words bearing in mind the meaning of the affixes and memorize them:nature (n), naturalist (n), natural (adj), unnatural (adj)


  1. to observe (v), observer (n), observation (n)

  2. to transfer (v), transference (n)

  3. to apply (v),.application (n), applicant (n)

  4. to identify (v), identification (n), identity (n)

  5. to encourage (v), encouragement (n), courage (n)

  6. to agree (v), agreement (n), agreeable (adj), agreeably (adv)

  7. to lead (v), leader (n), leadership (n)

  8. to announce (v), announcer (n), announcement (n)

III State to what part of the speech the words belong and translate them into Russian; form the corresponding verbs:

Difference, assimilation, respiration, reproduction, organization, movement, magnification, resemblance, relation.



IV Form the nouns corresponding to the following verbs:

To discover, to construct, to affect, to know, to develop, to vary, to divide, 'to differ, to resemble, to observe, to suggest, to apply, to encourage, to agree, to mag­nify, to appear.



V. Translate these sentences into native language and pay attention to using of Complex Object.

1. We want the theory to give a satisfactory explanation of experimental facts. 2. The alchemists wanted to change all sorts of common metals into gold. 3. We think the atom to be held together by the forces of attraction and repulsion. 4. We consider electricity to have always been associated with the forces acting between objects.5. The scientists wanted the properties of electricity on the move to be studied.



VI. Get ready to answer the following questions:

  1. What theories of electrification have been known historically?

  2. What does the two-fluid theory say?

  3. In what way are positive and negative fluids spread over the objects?

  4. What does one-fluid theory say?

  5. What is the difference between these two theories?

  6. What terms did Franklin introduce?

  7. What can we say that both of these theories are in part correct?

  8. What is the basic principle of the modern theory?

  9. What is the positive charge of the nucleus due to?

  10. What can be said about protons?

  11. What participles are known to be electrons?

  12. What is affinity?

  13. Under what conditions can a substance acquire a net negative charge?

  14. What example of a substance having a strong affinity for electrons can be given?



Methodical recommendations:

1. Read the text and try to understand it.

Look up the words you do not know in a dictionary.

2. Lead and support the conversation with partner.

3. Write a short composition about your future profession using questions.
Literature:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983


Lesson 15 Theme: Revision lesson

Lexical Control test

Plan of SIWT

Semester 6

Lesson 1 Theme: Conductors and insulators

Purpose of lesson:

1. to learn to take the necessary information from the read text and to use it in informal conversation

2. to transfer the own thought in foreign language.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject


Text: Conductors and insulators
1. Not all substances are good conductors of electricity. As a general rule, metals are good conductors whereas nonmetals are poor conductors, or nonconductors.

2. The property of electrical conduction can be illustrated by an experiment. One end of a long thin copper wire is connected to an electroscope and the other end to a small brass knob mounted on a glass pedestal. When a charged rubber rod is touched to the knob, the gold leaf of the distant electroscope rises immediately. Electrons have been conducted along the wire. If a positively charged rod contacts the knob, electrons flow away from the electroscope, leaving the gold leaf with a positive charge.

3. If the copper wire in the above experiment is replaced by a non conductor, like a silk thread, the electroscope cannot be charged by the rod contacting the distant knob. Poor conductors, such a glass or amber, are used to support metal parts of electrical apparatuses for them to be insulated from unnecessary losses of electricity. For an electroscope to retain its electric charge the gold leaf and stem are insulated from the electroscope case with amber.

4. The difference between a conductor and insulator, or dielectric, is that in a conductor there are free electrons, whereas in an insulator all of the electrons are tightly bound to their respective atoms. In an uncharged body, there are an equal number of positive and negative charges. In metals a few of the electrons are free to move from atom to atom, so that when a negatively charged rod is brought to the end of a conductor; it repels nearby free electrons in the conductor and causes them to move. They in turn repel free electrons in front of them and give rise to

a flow electrons all along the conductor. Hence it is not necessarily the electrons from the charged rubber rod that reach the electroscope leaf, but rather the electrons from the end of the wire where it touches the electroscope knob.

5. There are a large number of substances that are neither good conductor of electricity nor good insulators. These substances are called semiconductors. In them, electrons can move only with some difficulty, i.e., with considerable force.


Tasks and questions:

I. Read the text and discuss it with your group mates.

II. Make the adverbs from these adjectives. Translate them.

easy, heavy, rare, tremendous, careful, familiar, perfect, incident, slow, great, dark

like, human, general, nice, wide, full, extreme, spherical, equal, warm, beautiful, true,

late, bad, good, real, exact, approximate.



III. Translate these sentences into native language and define the function of Infinitive.

1. For us to electrify amber is easy. 2. We know like charges to repel and unlike charges to attract. 3. The ampere is known to be the practical unit of electric current. 4. Along with the kilogram, meter, and second, the ampere is to be considered as the fourth fundamental unit. 5. Protons seem to be much smaller than electrons in size.



Form of reporting

Give a summary of the text. Write a short composition about your University Studies



Methodical recommendations to carrying out of SIWT

1. Read the text and try to translate without dictionary

2. Do the exercises belong the text in writing

3 Form dialogue and monologue speech



Distributing materials: text, lexical exercises

The list of literatures:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983


Lesson 2 Theme: Molecular theory of magnetism

1. to acquire the special text with the aim learning the necessary information.

2. to learn lexical minimum and to use it in practice.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject


Text: Molecular theory of magnetism

  1. The modern theory of magnetism, which is now quite firmly established as being correct, is that a piece of iron consists of tiny elementary magnets. These tiny ultramicroscopic magnets consist of individual atoms.

  2. Before a piece of iron or steel has been magnetized, these elementary magnets may be thought of as being oriented more or less at random throughout the metal.

  3. During the time a piece of iron is being magnetized, these elementary magnets are turned around and lined up parallel to each other and to the magnetizing field. Lined up in this way, the small N and S poles are adjacent to each other and cancel each other’s effect on external objects. At one end there are many free N poles, and at the opposite end an equal number of free S poles.

  4. When a magnet is broken at any point, free S poles are exposed at one side of the break and free N poles at the other. It is therefore clear why poles always exist in pairs and that, no matter how many times a magnet is broken, each peace will contain an N at one end and an S pole at the other.

  5. When soft iron is magnetized by induction and the permanent magnet is taken away, the elementary magnets return to their original random orientations, but, when hardened steel becomes magnetized, they remain lined up after the magnetizing field is taken away

Tasks and questions

Vocabulary exercises

I. Read the text and discuss it with your group mates.
I I. Guess the meaning of these words:

tiny elementary magnets, ultramicroscopic, magnetizing field, external objects, soft iron, Induction, the permanent magnet, hardened steel, magnetizing field


III. Go back to the text. Insert the missing words and finish the sentences

1. The modern theory of magnetism, which is now quite firmly established as being correct, is that a piece of iron consists …. 2. Before a piece of iron or steel has been magnetized, these elementary magnets may be thought of as being oriented more or less …. 3. During the time a piece of iron is being magnetized, these elementary magnets are turned around and lined up parallel to each other and…. 4. When a magnet is broken at any point, free S poles are exposed at one side of the break and free N poles…. 5.



Form of reporting

Discussion, short composition



Methodical recommendations to carrying out of SIWT

1. Read the text and try to translate without dictionary

2. Do the exercises belong the text in writing

3 Form dialogue and monologue speech



Distributing materials: text, lexical exercises

The list of literatures:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983



Lesson 3 Theme: PROPERTIES OF LIGHT

Purpose of lesson:

1. to learn to take the necessary information from the read text and to use it in informal conversation

2. to transfer the own thought in foreign language.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject


Text PROPERTIES OF LIGHT

1. Light and its various phenomena present some of the most interesting studies in the

whole realm of physics. They are inter­esting because the results of many experiments

are revealed through the sense of vision as color phenomena. Equally important and

every bit as interesting is the historical development and dis­covery of the various

principles, concepts, and properties of light which give rise to these phenomena.


All of the various known properties 'of light are conveniently described in terms of the.
experiments by which they were disco­vered and the many and varied experiments by
which they are now continually demonstrated. Numerous as they are, these
experiments may be grouped together and classified under one of the three fol­lowing
heads: 1) geometrical optics, 2) physical optics, and 3) quantum optics. Each of these
may be subdivided as follows: geometrical optics: rectilinear propagation, finite
velocity, reflec­tion, refraction; physical optics: diffraction, interference, polariza­tion
double refraction; quantum optics: photoelectric effect, Comp-ton effect, atomic
excitation, pair production.
Tasks and questions:

I. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary.


  1. Read these international words and give their equivalents:

Phenomena, concept, experiment, optics, reflec­tion, diffraction, interference, polariza­tion,

photoelectric, effect.

.III. Read and guess the meanings of these words:

expression-to express; product-production; equal-equally-to equate-equality; combination- to combine; difference- to differ- to differentiate - differential; base- baseless; to think-thinker.


IV. Complete these sentences:

1. Light and its various phenomena present some of the most interesting studies in the

whole … 2. Equally important and every bit as interesting is the historical development and dis­covery of the various…. 3. These experiments may be grouped together and classified under one of the three fol­lowing heads: ….. 4. Each of these may be subdivided as follows: geometrical optics: rectilinear propagation, finite velocity, ….
Form of reporting

Discussion, short composition



Methodical recommendations to carrying out of SIWT

1. Read the text and try to translate without dictionary

2. Do the exercises belong the text in writing

3 Form dialogue and monologue speech



Distributing materials: text, lexical exercises

The list of literatures:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983


Lesson 4 Theme: Lasers

1. to acquire the special text with the aim learning the necessary information.

2. to learn lexical minimum and to use it in practice.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject


Text LASERS
1. The term laser derives its name from the description, Light Amplification by
Stimulated Emission and Radiation. In principle the laser is a device that produces
an intense, concentrated, and highly parallel bеam of light. So parallel would be the
beam from a visible light laser 1 ft in diameter that at the m0on the
beam would be no more than a mile wide. ч^в^э~«^-;с
2. Lasers are of three general kinds, those using solids, those using liquids, and those
using gases. For the case of liquid or gas lasers, a Fabry—Perot interferometer, with
silvered end plates is filled with a fluid. In the solid laser, the ends of a crystal are
polished and silvered. Since the first successful laser was made with a large single
crystal of ruby, this' device will be explained as representative of solid state lasers.
3. The atomic lattice structure of (a ruby crystal has the proper­ties of absorbing light
of certain frequencies u0 and, of holding this absorbed energy for a period of time.
Then by bouncing light of a different frequency vi back and forth between the
silvered ends, the excited atoms may be stimulated to emit their stored energy as light
of the same frequency v\ and in exact phase with the original light waves. As these
intensified waves bounce back and forth, they stimulate others, thus amplifying the
original beam intensity.
Tasks and questions
I. Read the text and retell it.
II. Consult the dictionary and translate the following phrases.

Stimulated Emission and Radiation, highly parallel bеam of light, a Fabry—Perot interferometer,

crystal of ruby, the atomic lattice structure, intensified waves, original light waves
III. Ask 5 or 6 questions to the text.
III. Topics for discussion:

1. Properties of Light

2 The use of a laser.

Form of reporting

Discussion, short composition



Methodical recommendations to carrying out of SIWT

1. Read the text and try to translate without dictionary

2. Do the exercises belong the text in writing

3 Form dialogue and monologue speech



Distributing materials: text, lexical exercises

The list of literatures:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983



SECW 1
Theme 1: Tomorrow is now

Purpose of SECW:

1. to acquire the special text with the aim learning the necessary information.

2. to learn lexical minimum and to use it in practice.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject



Text: Tomorrow is now
Tasks and questions

1. Look through the first paragraphs and find the sentence supporting the idea of title

2. Read carefully the second paragraph of the text and say a few words about the possible fields of investigation in the 21st century.

3. Read the passage and find answers to the following questions.

1. What factor is augmenting the slow pace of nature and making us rush at tomorrow?

2. What makes the author prognosticate a continuous assault on space in future?

3. Why does the author predict great researches of the seas and oceans?

4. What tools of investigation of the universe has the author mentioned?

5. Why is the author cautious while speaking of new technologies?

Form of reporting

Discussion, short composition



Methodical recommendations to carrying out of SECW

1. Read the text and try to translate without dictionary

2. Do the exercises belong the text in writing

3 Form dialogue and monologue speech



The list of literatures:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983


SECW 2
Theme 2: Our place in the universe

Purpose of SECW:

1. to acquire the special text with the aim learning the necessary information.

2. to learn lexical minimum and to use it in practice.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject



Text: Our place in the universe
Read from the book by Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005 on page 20-22



Tasks and questions

  1. Read the passage and find arguments to prove that people can look up the stars and down at the atoms with an equal degree of infer-and superiority.

  2. Look through the passage again and answers to the questions below the passage.

3. Be prepared to give your opinion on these problems:

1. Macrocosm objects and their special units of measurements.

2. Microcosm objects and their special units of measurements.

3. Time intervals of micro-and macrocosm.

4. The human race in the Universe.

Form of reporting

Discussion, short composition



Methodical recommendations to carrying out of SECW

1. Read the text. Analyze each paragraph and its translation.

2 .Do the tasks below the text in writing

3. Sum up the main ideas.

4. Be ready to ask and answer all topical questions and do it in writing
3 Form dialogue and monologue speech

The list of literatures:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983


SECW 3
Theme 3: Is the Earth getting hotter?

Purpose of SECW:

1. to acquire the special text with the aim learning the necessary information.

2. to learn lexical minimum and to use it in practice.

3. to communicate in English with partner on this subject


Text: Is the Earth getting hotter?

Read from the book by . Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005 on page 28-30

Tasks and questions


  1. Read the passage and discuss the following idea: ”How can scientists so confidently predict what will occur in the next 100 years when we can’t even predict the weather for tomorrow?”

2. Try to guess the meaning of the words given in italics in the text.

3. Translate the sentences marked with an asterisk.



Form of reporting

Discussion, short composition



Methodical recommendations to carrying out of SIWT

1. Read the text and try to translate without dictionary

2. Do the exercises belong the text in writing

3 Form dialogue and monologue speech



The list of literatures:

1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005

2. Е.В. Хомутова. Интенсивный курс английского языка для физиков. Издательство Московского университета 1983



SECW 4

S.EC.W 4

Theme: Super clusters and voids in the distribution of Galaxies
Text: Super clusters and voids in the distribution of Galaxies
Purpose of SIW

1. to acquire the special text with the aim learning the necessary information.

2. to learn lexical minimum and to use it in practice.

3. to communicate in English with group mates


Tasks and questions:

1. Read the text. Analyze each paragraph and its translation.

2 .Do the tasks below the text in writing

3. Sum up the main ideas.

4. Be ready to ask and answer all topical questions and do it in writing

Form of reporting

Composition



Methodical recommendations to carrying out

1. Read and translate the text “Super clusters and voids in the distribution of Galaxies

2. Pick up the new words from this text, translate and transcribe them


Literature: 1. Е.И.Курашвили. Английский язык для студентов – физиков.

Москва Астрель. АСТ 2005 on page: 33-35



Checking measuring facilities

List checking questions on subjects

1. What would you like to be?

2. What subject was your favorite subject at school?



  1. Was it easy for you to choose a profession?

  2. When did you decide to choose this profession?

  3. Who helped you to make your choice?

  4. Why have you chosen this profession?

  5. Do you like Physics? Why?

  6. What quality must a good specialist of your profession possess?

  7. What is Physics?

Examination questions

  1. What is Physics?

  2. Three states of matter

  3. What is Ion?

  4. What is Atom?

1. What do we know about the form of an atom?

2. What is the diameter of an atom?

3. What do we know about the nucleus of an atom?

4. What is the charge of a proton?

5. What is the mass of a proton and a neutron?

6. What is the mass of an electron?

7. What do you know an isolated atom?

8. What are examples of three common states of matter?

9. What do ice, water and steam consist of?

10. When can heat be usually felt?

11. What is the radiation?

12. What is the speed of radiation?

13. By what means radiation detected?

14. In what way is a Crooke’s radiometer constructed?

15 Why are the faces of a Crooke’s radiometer blackened?

16. In what way do air molecules travel?

17. Why are the general properties of radiant heat rays and those of visible light the same?

18. What is the difference between heat waves and light waves?

19. What are heat waves sometimes called?

20. In what way had the electron been considered by the turn of the century?

21. How was the electron characterized?

22. When was it that atoms were beginning to fall apart?

23. What particle was considered the smallest particle of any element?

24.Why is it that electricity was to cause a revolution in science?

25. In what way can the question “what is matter” be answered?

26. What does the story of a shepherd from Crete say?

27. What did the shepherd find out about a lodestone?

28. When did people begin using a lodestone as a compass?

29. What does the picture of magnetized bodies show?

30. What does a compass consist of?

31. What did the old mariner’s compass look like?

32. What does a modern compass look like?

33. What has long been known concerning the human senses?

3 2. Why is it that

the human senses of touch, sight and hearing can­not be relied upon?

33. What methods

are called subjective?

34. What methods are called objective?

35. What methods were

used in the early history of science?

36. Why was the progress of science slow in the

early history?

37. What did the objective methods give to science?

38. What has the development of precision instruments led to?

39. What theories of electrification have been known historically?

40. What does the two-fluid theory say?

41. In what way are positive and negative fluids spread over the objects?

42.What does one-fluid theory say?

43. What is the difference between these two theories?

44.What terms did Franklin introduce?

45.What can we say that both of these theories are in part correct?

46. What is the basic principle of the modern theory?

47.What is the positive charge of the nucleus due to?

48.What can be said about protons?

49.What participles are known to be electrons?

50.What is affinity?

51.Under what conditions can a substance acquire a net negative charge?

52.What example of a substance having a strong affinity for electrons can be given?

The vocabulary for physicists




English

Russian

Kazakh

physics

физика

физика

physicist

физик

физик

tube

лампа

шам

free

свободный

бос

ice

лед

мұз

steam, vapor

пар

бу

motive

причина

себеп

warmth

теплота

жылу

enough

достаточно

жетерлік

situation

состояние

қалып

substance, matter

материя

материя

water

вода

су

the same

тот же самый

сол сияқты

charge supply,

заряд

заряд

trim

порядок

реттілік

consist of

состоять из

құрамында болу

compact

плотный

тығыз

acid

кислота

қышқыл

loaded

заряженный

энергия алған

hard

тяжелый

ауыр

individual

единичный

бірлеген

apparatus

устройство

құрылым

cloud

облако

бұлт

hight

высота

биіктік

burst

испышка

жарқыл

example

пример

мысал

building material

строительный материал

құрлыс жабдығы

substance

вещество

зат

in rough way

приблизительно

жорамалмен

count

число

сан, санау

nucleus

ядро

ядро

cool

охлаждать

суыту

turn

вращать(ся)

айналу

plane

плоскость

жазық

pathway

путь

жол

entirely

вполне

болуы мүмкін

broad

широкий

кең

exterior

внешний

сыртқы

cup

кольцо

шеңбер

case

случай

жағдай

female

внутренний

ішкі

full

полный

толық

armature winding

обмотка

орау

default

недостаток

жетіспеушілік

conflict

противоречие

қарама-қайшылық

mode

тип



freeze

замерзать

қату

agent,

среда

орта

rain

дождь

жаңбыр

frequency ratio

частота

жиілік

instrumentation

прибор

құрал-жабдық

phenomenon (pi -ena)

явление

құбылыс

speed

скорость

жылдамдық

light

свет

жарық

Pin runner

штифтовое колесо

штифті дөңгелек

blade

лопасть

қалақ

bound

грань

шек

polish

полировать

жылтырату

convolute

поверхность

үстіңгі беті

influence

оказывать воздействие

ықпал жасау

ray

луч

сәуле

generic

общий

жалпы

ability

свойство

құрылысы

shaft

тело

дене

high-pressure

теплый

жылы

second of time

в секунду

секундына

in return for

взамен

орнына

exchange

обмен

айырбастау

half

половина

жарты

a quarte

четверть

төрттен бірі

corner

угол

бұрыш

come from

исходить

шығу

axe

ось

ось

rate

скорость, темп

жылдамдық

dimension

измерение

өлшем

current

ток

ток

distribution

распространение

таралу

strength

сила

күш

pressure

давление

қысым

space

пространство

кеңестік

law;

закон

заң

fabric

ткань

мата

iron

железо

темір

current

поток

лек

discharge tube

разрядная трубка

разрядты құбыр

gauge

измерять

өлшеу

apron

пластина

пластик

quantum

количество

сан

gravity

вес

салмақ

stick

стержень

стержень

copper

медь

мыс

lead,

свинец

қорғасын

oxygen

кислород

қышқыл

nitrogen

азот

азот

capacity

мощность

күш

theory

теория

теория

main body

ядро

ядро

blast,

взрыв

жарылыс

displace,

замещать

алмастыру

attracting

притяжение

тартылыс

at rest

в покое

тыныштық күйде

rubber

резина

резина

arid,

сухой

құрғақ

opposite

противоположный

қарма-қарсы

glass

стекло

шыны

repel

отталкиваться

иттерілу

attract

притягиваться

тарту

fluid,

жидкость

сұйықтық

excess

избыток

артықшылық

drag,

трение

үйкелу

bushing

изолятор

изолятор

lead

провод

тоқ сымы

Bronze, brass

бронза, латунь

қола

plate

лист

бет

banding

нить

жіп

lack

потеря

жоғалту

body

корпус

корпус

quasi-conductor,

полупроводник

жартылай өткізгіш

quasi-conductor

приемник

қабылдағыш

steel

сталь

болат

ore

руда

кең-руда

partly

частично

бөліктеу

silver

серебро

күміс

alligation

сплав



quality

качество

сапа

adjoining

смежный

аралас




















ABBREVIATIONS

СОКРАЩЕНИЯ

ҚЫСҚАРТЫЛҒАН СӨЗДЕР


a - adjective

имя прилагательное

сын есім

adv - adverb

наречие

үстеу

cj - conjunction

союз

жалғаулық

n - noun

имя существительное

зат есім

phr prep. - phrase preposition

составной предлог

күрделі демеулік

pl - plural

множественное число

көпше түрі

pr. p. – present participle

причастие настоящего времени

осы шақтың есімшесі

p. p. – past participle

причастие прошедшего времени

өткен шақтың есімшесі

v - verb

глагол

етістік

Amer. – American variant

американский вариант

американдық варианты


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