Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов


Exercise 24. Ask questions and use the words in italics in your answers. The words



Pdf көрінісі
бет213/267
Дата20.05.2023
өлшемі4,38 Mb.
#177259
түріУчебник
1   ...   209   210   211   212   213   214   215   216   ...   267
Байланысты:
T A Karpova Anglysky dlya tekhnicheskikh vuzov (1)

Exercise 24. Ask questions and use the words in italics in your answers. The words 
in brackets will help you.
1. In producing gas and oil, 
efficient
performance
of producing wells has 
more and more importance (what). 2. A variety of tests must be made 
to
deter-
mine
the performance of oil and gas well
(what, what for). 3. There are some well 
tests 
to obtain
certain information about the
flow rates
(what for). 4. 
Potential
test is a measurement of the largest amount of oil and gas produced by a well in 
a 24-hour period (what kind of). 5. The oil goes 
to stock tanks
(where).
Exercise 25. Read the following dialogue, sum up the information and act out 
a similar dialogue.
HOW TO TURN CRUDE OIL INTO USABLE PRODUCTS
A.: Would you be so kind as to name the important stages of turning crude oil 
into different usable products?
B.: Well, you see, crude oil is a mixture of many hydrocarbon components, 
so refineries must first separate and then process the mix of hydrocarbons 
which make up crude oil before they can be transformed into gasoline, 
diesel, and jet fuels, to name a few.
A.: I’ve never been at the refinery! Could you tell me at least about the first 
stage, I mean the separation step?
B.: Sure. This process takes place in a fractionating column, also known as an 
atmospheric distillation tower.


246
A.: Excuse me please, did you say “atmosphere distillation tower”?
B.: No, that is atmospheric distillation tower!
A.: I see. What is this? 
B.: This is a tall steel tower with perforated trays. A number of trays are needed 
as each fraction has a different boiling range, and a distillation tower can 
separate various fractions using heat and cooling.
A.: I know from the tutorials that heavier hydrocarbons boil at much higher 
temperatures than lighter hydrocarbons.
B.: Right you are. So they settle in trays at the bottom of the tower closest to 
furnace. As for lighter fractions, they are collected at the top. As each frac-
tion reaches the tray where the temperature is just below its own boiling 
point, it condenses, liquefies and is drawn off the tray by pipes
A.: Oh, my God! What a complicated process it is! I wish I saw it with my own 
eyes! What are the final products of the distillation then?
B.: First, gases and light gasoline such as methane, ethane, propane, and bu-
tane. Second, light distillates naphta, and kerosene.
A.: What is naphta used for? 
B.: Naphta is used in the production of gasoline and petrochemicals. The third 
product is middle distillates (light and heavy gas oils). Light gas oils are 
turned into jet, diesel, and furnace fuels. Heavy gas oils undergo further 
chemical processing such as cracking to produce naphta and other prod-
ucts. And the forth product is residual products that are further processed 
to produce refinery fuels, heavy fuel oil, waxes, greases and asphalt.
A.: You said ‘cracking’, didn’t you? What does it mean?
B.: It’s the next step — conversion. By the way, the most widely used conver-
sion methods are cracking and coking!
A.: Why cracking?
B.: This method uses heat and pressure to ‘crack’ heavy hydrocarbon mol-
ecules into lighter ones.
A.: It’s so interesting! I believe this information can be of great help for my 
exam!
B.: You are always welcome! Wish you luck at your exam!


Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
1   ...   209   210   211   212   213   214   215   216   ...   267




©engime.org 2024
әкімшілігінің қараңыз

    Басты бет