English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb.
|
пособие мед 2 (1) 2
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Exercise 2. Form the following new words and translate them into your native language: Model: translate – translation
- Exercise 3. Form the new nouns with the meaning “inflammation”.
- Mortality – смертність
- Rupture – розрив The laboratory analysis failed to reveal rupture of the appendix. Obstruction – закупорка
- Bloating - здуття живота, метеоризм The patient was admitted to the reception ward with bloating and nausea. Constipation – закреп
- Exercise 5. Read and translate the following word-combinations
- Exercise 6. Read and translate the text: APPENDICITIS
| APPENDICITIS
Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:
Exercise 2. Form the following new words and translate them into your native language: Model: translate – translation, establish - establishment -Y: bone, blood, health, sleep, taste, water, noise, dirt. -MENT: enlarge, impair, develop, achieve, treat, require, involve, measure. -TION: complicate, obstruct, constipate, inflame, operate, examine, observe, prevent. -NESS: weak, deaf, ill, red, tired, restless, tender. Exercise 3. Form the new nouns with the meaning “inflammation”. Model: appendix – appendicitis Retina, sinus, esophagus, parodont, meninges, pulp, bronchus, myocardium, gingiva, thyroid, conjunctiva. Exercise 4. Read and translate the following sentences: Retention – затримка The retention of urine is one of the clinical manifestations of a kidney disease. Mortality – смертність In untreated cases, mortality is high because of the risk of rupture leading to peritonitis. Tenderness – хворобливість The patient complained of a moderate tenderness on palpation. Remove – видаляти The surgeon removed the tumor which had involved the stomach. Rupture – розрив The laboratory analysis failed to reveal rupture of the appendix. Obstruction – закупорка The stone in the bile ducts caused the obstruction of bile flow. Bloating - здуття живота, метеоризм The patient was admitted to the reception ward with bloating and nausea. Constipation – закреп It was very difficult for the physician to make a correct diagnosis as the constipation was from time to time alternating with diarrhea. Exercise 5. Read and translate the following word-combinations: A narrow, finger-shaped organ, high rate of mortality, to spill fecal material, obstruction of the appendix, abdominal cavity's lining, a lump of feces, fecal debris, deep breathing in and coughing, constipation, nausea and vomiting, retention of gases, swelling and bloating, the appearance of complications. Exercise 6. Read and translate the text: APPENDICITIS Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, the narrow, finger-shaped organ that branches off the first part of the large intestine on the right side of the abdomen. Appendicitis may be acute or chronic. Acute appendicitis is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in the world. If it is not treated promptly, the inflamed appendix may burst, spilling fecal material into the abdominal cavity. The usual result is a life-threatening infection of the abdominal cavity's lining (the peritoneum) that is peritonitis - a serious inflammation with rather high rate of mortality unless it is treated quickly with strong antibiotics. Appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the appendix. The appendix may become obstructed by a lump of feces, calcium salts and fecal debris or tumors, leading to inflammation and infection. Acute appendicitis is known to begin with vague discomfort or tenderness near the navel (early in an attack) or suddenly with sharp pain which is at first felt in epigastrium but then becomes generalized in the abdomen. The pain becomes worse on movement, deep breathing in and coughing, it does not radiate but is accompanied by constipation, nausea and vomiting, retention of gases, possibly alternating with diarrhea. The temperature is normal or subfebrile. A high fever (possibly accompanied by chills) may indicate an abscessed appendix. Abdominal swelling or bloating, especially in infants may be occasionally observed. Diagnosis of an acute appendicitis is based on patient history (symptoms) and physical examination. Physical examination is necessary to rule out other disorders that produce symptoms similar to those of appendicitis. A rectal examination may be performed. Blood and urine samples should be taken for analysis. CT (computed tomography) scan or an abdominal x-ray may be necessary. Chronic appendicitis may appear with mild abdominal tenderness, pain, and malaise or lethargy. Often, individuals with chronic appendicitis are undiagnosed until an acute episode of appendicitis occurs. Diagnosing chronic appendicitis can be difficult because the symptoms can be similar to those occurring with other conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders such as constipation or diarrhea. The treatment of an acute appendicitis is surgical. The surgical procedure for the removal of the appendix is called an appendicectomy. Laparotomy is the traditional type of surgery used for treating appendicitis. This procedure consists in the removal of the infected appendix through a single larger incision in the lower right area of the abdomen. The incision in a laparotomy is usually 51 to 76 mm long. This type of surgery is used also for visualizing and examining structures inside the abdominal cavity. A traditional appendectomy is performed under general anesthesia. The entire procedure should not last longer than an hour if complications do not occur. The newer method to treat appendicitis is the laparoscopic surgery. This surgical procedure consists of making three to four incisions in the abdomen, each 6.4 to 12.7 mm long. This type of appendectomy is made by inserting a special surgical tool called laparoscope into one of the incisions. The laparoscope is connected to a monitor outside the patient's body and helps the surgeon to inspect the infected area in the abdomen. The other two incisions are made for the specific removal of the appendix by using surgical instruments. Laparoscopic surgery also requires general anesthesia and it can last up to two hours. Full recovery from appendectomies takes about four to six weeks, but can be prolonged to up to eight weeks in case of the appearance of complications, such as the rupture of the appendix. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|