Естественнонаучная грамотность. Минск: рикз, 2020. 168 с
Figure 3b. PISA 2015 Scientific Competencies
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| Figure 3b. PISA 2015 Scientific Competencies
Evaluate and design scientific enquiry Describe and appraise scientific investigations and propose ways of addressing questions scientifically demonstrating the ability to: Identify the question explored in a given scientific study; Distinguish questions that are possible to investigate scientifically; Propose a way of exploring a given question scientifically; Evaluate ways of exploring a given question scientifically; Describe and evaluate a range of ways that scientists use to ensure the reliability of data and the objectivity and generalisability of explanations. 39. The competency of evaluating and designing scientific enquiry is required to evaluate reports of scientific findings and investigations critically. It is reliant on the ability to discriminate scientific questions from other forms of enquiry or recognise questions that could be investigated scientifically in a given context. This competency requires a knowledge of the key features of a scientific investigation, for example, what things should be measured, what variables should be 129 changed or controlled, or what action should be taken so that accurate and precise data can be collected. It requires an ability to evaluate the quality of data, which in turn depends on recognising that data are not always completely accurate. It also requires the competency to identify if an investigation is driven by an underlying theoretical premise or, alternatively, whether it seeks to determine identifiable patterns. 40. A scientifically literate person should also be able to recognise the significance of previous research in judging the value of any given scientific enquiry. Such knowledge is needed to situate the work and judge the importance of any possible outcomes. For instance, that the search for a malaria vaccine has been an on-going programme of scientific research for several decades. Hence, given the number of people who are killed by malarial infections, any findings that suggested a vaccine would be achievable would be of substantial significance. Moreover, students need to understand the importance of developing a sceptical disposition to all media reports in science recognising that all research builds on previous work, that the findings of any one study are always subject to uncertainty, and that the study may be biased by the sources of funding. This competency requires students to possess both procedural and epistemic knowledge but may also draw, to varying degrees, on their content knowledge of science. жүктеу/скачать 4,47 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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