Маслова А. М., Вайнштейн И., Плебейская ji. С
aetiology [,i:ti'olad3i], pathogenesis
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Английския язык для студентов-медиков
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- palpation
- cystoscopy
- objective
- find
| aetiology [,i:ti'olad3i], pathogenesis [,pae0o'd3enisis], mechanism ['mekanizm], visual ['vizjual], palpation [раеГре/(э)п], percussion [рэ:кдГп], auscultation [,o:skal'tei/n], cystoscopy [sis'toskapi], edema [i'di:ma], haemorrhage [lhemarid3], objective [ab'd3ektiv], subjective [sAb'dgektiv]
1. Read Text E using a dictionary. 2. Memorize the words in bold type. 3. Be ready to answer the questions on the text: Text E. Examination of the Patient Before treating the patient it is necessary to make a correct diagnosis of the disease and to determine its aetiology, i.e. the causes of the disease. The doctor must know well the pathogenesis of any disease, i.e. the way and mechanism of its development, as well as the symptoms by which it can be revealed. A number of different procedures is used to establish a diagnosis: history- taking, physical examination, which includes visual examination, palpation, percussion, auscultation, laboratory studies, consisting of urinalysis, blood, sputum and other analyses; instrumental studies, for example, taking electrocardiograms or cystoscopy, X-ray examination and others. For determining a disease it is very important to know its symptoms such as breathlessness, edema, cough, vomiting, fever, haemorrhage, headache and others. Some of these symptoms are objective, for example, haemorrhage or vomiting, because they are determined by objective study, while others, such as headache or dizziness (головокружение) are subjective, since they are evident only to the patient. LESSON 33 HOME ASSIGNMENTS Revision Повторите правила словообразования, грамматические правила, лексический и текстовой материал всею цикла V (уроки 27—32). Прочтите и переведите следующие слова, найдя в них суф-фиксы и префиксы: restless, overdosage, intramuscular, sleepless, overweight, intravenous, painless, intratracheal, overestimate, useless, overwork Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1. В каких предложениях будущее время заменяется настоящим? 2. Назовите формулу группы времен Continuous Passive. 3. Назовите сложные формы причастия и герундия. 4. По каким признакам вы определите герундий в предложении? Переведите пары предложений и определите, чем отличаются их сказуемые: 1. I am examining. I am being examined. 2. The nurse was giving intravenous injections when we came in. Intravenous injections were being given to the nurse as she herself was ill at that time. 3. Now neurologist Smirnov is administering a new treatment. Now neurologist Smirnov is being administered a new treatment. Определите 'ing-forms' в следующих предложениях: 1. Filling in a case history a therapeutist must pay attention to exact findings of the analyses. 2. Having prevented the spread of inflammation the surgeon could save the life of the patient. 3. The attending doctor's filling in the case history with exact findings enabled the students to follow the whole course of treatment of the patient. 4. On having prevented serious complications the surgeon considered that the patient would recover soon. 5. Being at the Congress the scientists exchanged their opinions (мнения) on many definite problems. 6. His being in Leningrad was connected with the publishing of his new book. В следующих предложениях найдите герундий. Предложения переведите: 1. Besides being important for industry oxygen is also important for medicine. 2. In addition to depending upon the environment the development of the child depends on the condition of its health. 3. Mother insisted on my being examined by a physician. 4. On being relieved of an acute pain in the heart area the patient was allowed to sit up. 5. A researcher cannot draw a proper conclusion without having carried out numerous experiments. 6. Through being prescribed an effective treatment the patient made a quick recovery. Выпишите все слова, необходимые для описания работы а) врача в поликлинике, б) стационара. 1. Прочтите и переведите Текст А со словарем. Выделите три основные момента при обследовании больного и раскройте их содержание. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: получить толковый ответ; чувстовать себя непринужденно; установить точную область; отмечать все видимые признаки; необычные симптомы; вы могли бы спросить, точно выяснить неясности. Text A. How to take the case. When we become doctors, we should always remember the following things. As soon as the patient enters the consulting, or when we enter his room, observation should begin immediatly. We look for external signs and symptoms as long as the professional visit lasts. How do you begin the consultation with the patient? A first requirement is to develope a feeling of sympathy with the patient by your questions, your actions, your interest in him and his troubles. Select and choose your questions well to be adequate for the situation. Now when the patient begins to tell you his complaints, his sings and symptoms, and various diagnostic terms that have been given to his disease, you should carefully note what he is telling you. When the patient has finished his description, it is for you to make clear some points he did not give in detaile. Your questions must be understood by the patient well to get a meaningful answer. When questioning the patient your aim should be to make the patient feel free, so that he tells you everything. The patient must feel at his ease. Never hurry him, that is the worst thing you can do. When you record his symptoms, be sure to have the exact expressions used. Always ascertain the exact tegion in which the patient feels this or that. When the patient has finished his story, and you have ascertained some points, then is the time to make your physical examination. There again be very observant and note all the visible signs or symptoms in all the regions of the body. A good physical examination is important. First because only by knowing his physical impairments his past diseases, can you differentiate between Strang, rare and particular symptoms, and symptoms logically depending upon these results i. e. common symptoms. Secondly, a physical examinations is important to establish the prognosis of the case: sometimes without a physical examination you cannot say if something is malignant or benign. The prognosis may be very different. If there is a malignancy you need more time for the cure than with a benign case if cure is possible. Thirdly, a physical examinathion is important to establish an exact diagnosis. You might ask why is an exact diagnosis important? It is needes for the administration of a proper treatment. So you see now how to take the case: first let the patient tell you his symptoms. Secondly try to clear up indis — tinct things precisely by careful questioning. Thirdly make your physical examination. CLASS ASSIGNMENTS Revision IX. Find the word-building elements. Translate the words: a) painful — painless, restful — restless, hopeful — hopeless; b) breath- lessness, sleeplessness; c) intercostal, intramuscular, interspace, intrapleural Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words in bold type: 1. We call "aetiology" the causes of a disease. 2. We call in a doctor when some of our relatives is seriously ill. 3. I cannot find this patient's temperature chart. 4.1 cannot find out any changes in the course of this patient's disease. 5. He cannot carry this heavy box. 6. He can carry out this difficult experiment. Translate the following sentences. Define 'ing-forms': 1. A tooth is covered with a thin layer of enamel (эмаль) preventing it from being destroyed. 2. The increasing flow of blood into the lungs is associated with breathing out. 3. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide being higher in the venous blood enables the passing of carbon dioxide from the blood into alveolar air. 4. Being associated with the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood the respiratory rate and its depth change according to it. 5. On having been formed in the cortex conditioned reflexes determine many actions of the human being. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the word 'both': жүктеу/скачать 0,59 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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