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According to the opposite point of view, any terminological system is
supposed to include all the linguistic units conveying concepts peculiar to
a particular branch of knowledge, regardless of their exclusiveness.
Modern research of various terminological systems has shown and
proved that there is no impenetrable wall between terminology and the
general language system. On the contrary, terminologies seem to follow
the same rules and laws as the units of language for general purposes.
Hence
, exchange between terminological systems and the “common”
vocabulary is quite a normal phenomenon, and it would be wrong to
consider a term as
something “special” and isolated.
Terms are generally associated with a definite branch of science,
serving the needs of a highly developed technology. But it should be
pointed out that due to the rapid dissemination of scientific and technical
ideas, particularly in the exact sciences, it is possible to observe the
process of “de-terminization”, that is, some scientific and technical terms
begin to function outside the narrow field they belong to and eventually
begin to develop new meanings. However, the overwhelming majority of
terminological units do not undergo the process of de-terminization and
circulate only in scientific domain. Thus, such terms begin to be used,
may develop new terminological meanings, and pass out of usage within
one particular sphere. Science and technology are the most prolific in
coining new linguistic units. The necessity to penetrate deeper into the
essence of things and phenomena gives rise to new concepts, which
require new words and word-combinations to denote them. As a rule, a
term makes more direct reference to an object or phenomenon than a
descriptive explanation, a non-term. It causes the rapid creation of new
terms in any developing field of study.
It is necessary to mention that the general vocabulary used in scientific
literature conveys its direct referential meaning, that is, words and word-
groups used in scientific literature always tend to be used in their primary
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logical meaning. A word used in scientific prose is unlikely to be
polysemantic, in contrast to the belles-lettres style. Furthermore, terms
don‟t tend to depend on the context. As a rule, the possibility of
ambiguity is generally avoided. Moreover, terms are coined so as to be
self-explanatory to the greatest possible degree. However, despite this a
new terminological unit in special literature is usually explained.
Likewise, neutral and common literary words employed in scientific
literature are explained, even in case their meaning is only slightly
changed, either in the context (by a parenthesis or an attributive phrase)
or in a foot-note.
The exchange of terms between various fields of study is a typical
phenomenon for modern scientific prose. The most interesting and
topical scientific problems appear at the intersection of disciplines of two
or more sciences. Their special languages become closer, enrich each
other, exchange terms and produce new terms. Collaboration of
specialists in related sciences has proved successful in many spheres.
As languages of the disciplines possess their own, unique features, the
exchange of terminology may be regarded as a natural result of this
collaboration. Mathematics has priority in this respect, as mathematical
terms have left their own field and function freely in other sciences and
humanities, including linguistics. For instance, in computational
linguistics there are terms of mathematics (
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