2.2.5. Ссылки
Ang, B. W., 1994. Decomposition of industrial
energy consumption:
The energy intensity
approach.
Energy Economics
16: 163–174.
Blok, K. et al., 2001.
The effectiveness of policy
instruments for energy effi ciency improvements in fi rms.
University of Utrecht, Netherlands.
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Бо
лг
ария
Румыния
Венгрия
Словакия
Эс
то
ния
Словакия
Че
хия
ЕС
По
льша
Литва
%
Примечание
. Данные касаются только штрафов, сборов и налогов по загрязнению
окружающей
среды и не охватывают налоги, связанные с потреблением ресурсов,
например, электроэнергия или автомобильное топливо. Данные по Румынии относятся
к 1996 г.
Источник
: REC, 1999; Eurostat, 2000
Рисунок 2.2.9.
Доходы за счет использования экономических
инструментов для защиты окружающей среды в % от
добавленной стоимости в промышленном секторе – ЕС и
ряд европейских стран, 1997 г.
Capros, P., 1998.
Note on the costs for the EU of
meeting the Kyoto target (-8 %)
.
National Technical
University of Athens.
De Bruyn, S. M., 2000.
Economic growth and the
environment: An empirical analysis
. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Netherlands.
Промышленность
Европейская экономическая комиссия
42
Ecotec, 2002.
Analysis of the EU eco-industries,
their employment and export potential
. Study for
the European Commission, DG Environment,
Brussels.
Ecotec et al., 2001.
The benefi ts of compliance with the
environmental acquis for the candidate countries
.
Study
for European Commission, DG Environment,
Brussels.
Eurostat, 2000.
Structures of the taxation systems
in the European Union 1970–1997
. European
Commission, Brussels.
Grossman, G. M. and Krueger, A. B., 1995.
Economic growth and the environment
. Quarterly
Journal of Economics 112: 353–378.
Lulofs, K., 2000.
Implementation of EMAS in the
Netherlands: A case study on national implementation,
environmental effectiveness, productive effi ciency and
administrative costs
. Research Paper 2000-B-5.
European
Project IMPOL, Cerna.
Mulatu, A., et al., 2002. Environmental regulation
and competitiveness: An exploratory meta-
analysis, in Läschel, A. (ed.),
Empirical modeling of
the economy and the environment
. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin.
Orlowski, W. and Mayhew, A., 2001.
The impact of
EU accession on enterprise adaptation and institutional
development in the countries of central and eastern
Europe
. Sussex European Institute working paper.
REC, 1999.
Sourcebook on economic instruments for
environmental policy in central and eastern Europe
.
Klarer, McNicholas, Knaus. Szentendre, Hungary.
Starzer, O., 2001.
Towards Kyoto — implementation of
long term agreements (LTA) in industry: Which elements
make LTA successful and how to integrate them into
the policy mix?
ECEEE summer study 2001, 10–15
June,. Mandelieu.
Tietenberg, T. H., 1985.
Emissions trading: An
exercise in reforming pollution policy
.
Resources for
the Future, Washington, DC.