ZHUSIPBEK AIMAUYTOV’S ROLE IN PEDAGOGY
Орманова Жанат Болатвна
– педагогика ғылымдарының магистрі
Оңтүстік Қазақстан мемлекеттік педагогикалық университеті, Шымкент
Түйін
Бұл мақалада Жүсіпбек Аймауыттың қысқа өмірінде қазақ еліне,қазақ әдебиеті мен
педагогикасына таптырмас дүние қалдырғаны туралы айтылған. Қуғын –сүргіннің
құрбаны болған жазушы халқына аса үлкен бағалы мұра қалдырды. Жазушының қаламы
өшпейді демекші, қазақ әдебиетінің тарихына шығармалар қалдырып кеткен жазушының
өмірбаяны ұсынылады.
Резюме
В данной статье говориться , что за свою недолгую жизнь Жусипбек Аймаутов
оставил невосполнимое наследие казахской стране, казахской литературе и педагогике.
Писатель, ставший жертвой преследований, оставил своему народу очень ценное наследие.
Перо писателя не тускнеет никогда, поэтому представлена биография писателя,
оставившего свои произведения в истории казахской литературы.
Famous works of Kazakh literature such as “Kartkoja”, “Akbilek”,
“Kunekey’s plain” were written by Zhusipbek Aimauyt , who was persecuted
because of the slander that he was in league with nationalities. After the investigation
started in 1929 , he was sentenced to death by firing squad in absentia in 1931.
However, Zhusipbek Aimauyt , who was a victim of Soviet Union persecution, left
a great legacy to his people in his short life. It is the valuable literary and scientific
heritage of the writer. He left immortal works in the history of Kazakh literature.
Zhusipbek Aimauyt was born in 1889 in Bayanauyl district of present day Pavlodar
region in nowadays. Father Aimauyt was a simple meek farmer with a small
livelihood of his own. Zhusipbek tells about his life in the formation he left about
himself. He says that until 1917 his father’s cattle did not exceed 6-7 cows.
Therefore, father trained their children to take care of cattle. After that, Zhusipbek
worked with his brothers to educate the children of the tokal family,to repair clothes
and wardrobes. And her sisters knitted alasha laces, embroidered shawls and
pillowcases. One of the unknown facts about Zhusipbek is related to the year of his
birth. According to the documents found in Moscow, Zhusipbek was born in 1895.
The writer also wrote in one of his letters that he is 2 years younger than
Sultanmahmut Toraygyrov. Based on it, the writer was born in 1895. However,
according to many sources , Zhusipbek was born in 1889. The first place where the
future writer became literate was the madrasah built by Hazrat Abdulda. Zhusipbek
studied there for 5-6 years . In fact, the boy became a mullah and taught students.
Zhusipbek, who became literate from the village mullah, studied there in Russian-
Kazakh schools in Bayanaul, Pavlodar. However, he attended a two-class Russian-
Kazakh school in Kereku. Because the future writer was teaching children and
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earning money at that time. Then, in 1911-14, he worked as a teacher in the village
and opened a school for village children. And in 1914 , he attended the teachers’
seminary in Semey. In 1918, Zhusipbek Aimauyt , who turned to creativity while
studying at the Semey Seminary, tried to publish the “Abai” magazine. But the
magazine was closed due to lack of funds, and the writer began to publish his articles
in the “Saryarka” newspaper. In the second issue of this publication, the article
“Stand up masses, gather the poor, strive youth” was also published. In 1919,
Zhusipbek graduated from this seminary with honors. After the collapse of the
Kolchag government, he works in the “Revolutionary” gubernatorial committee in
Semey. He was also the editor of the newspaper “Kedey Tanyi”. At the time, he
joined the Communist Party and in October 1920 was elected a member of the
Kazakh Executive Committee and a deputy of the People’s Commissariat of
Education. In 1921, he became the head of the educational department of Semey
province. The first work of Zhusipbek is the poetry of the poem. The writer says that
he started writing poems at the of 13 , imitating Abay, and published a poem in 1913
in the “Kazakh” newspaper in 1913 in the newspaper “Kazakh”. He wrote the motto
of Alash. Zhusipbek’s poems have their own expression. For example, his works
“Greeting to Saryarka”, “Jamilia”, “Akhahau”, “Urshik”, “Moving inform about
large social phenomena by describing small details. His poetic heritage is
complemented by the poem “The state of light”. The art of poetry is best seen in
translation works. He translated the classics of well-known writers. Translation is
one aspect of his creativity. In addition, he dedicated his original works to the Kazakh
drama art, which began in 1916-17. Most of the dramatic works of this Zhusipbek
were staged at the literary evenings and parties in Semey organized on the occasion
of the 10
th
anniversary of Abay’s death. Then Auezov and Zhusipbek became
prompters and presented their written works to the people. Therefore , at the
beginning of the Kazakh theatre, the original works Zhusipbek and his name as an
author and director are mentioned. The prose of Zhusipbek shows the power of the
pen. The story “Kunekey’s plain”, the novels “Old man” and “Akbilek” are
undoubtedly classics. By describing the fate of one or two characters , it shows the
lealty of an entire era, the fate of an entire nation. And the burden of his short stories
is too much for the novel. “Zhusipbek” has a story called “Ghost”. This is a classic
story. But the main idea of the classical story is that you are a poet, a writer, a person
of art , find the form of what affects your soul and write it. So, “Ghost” saw
everything and said “you did not write mother , why don’t you?” It turns out to be a
fantasy. So, the person is dreaming.
In 1918, Zhusipbek Aimauyt, being the editor –in-chief of “Abay” magazine,
published several scientific articles related to education. Among them , it is possible
to highlight the work “Guide to Education” published as a separate book in 1922. In
his work, Z.Aimauyt says, “Variety of human character and mental strength is due
to the variety of upbringing…The fact that human beings commit mischief such as
stealing, lying, robbing, and killing is due to the lack of upbringing .
“Complex learning ways”
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The book was published by “Kazakh” publishing house in 1929. As the author
himself said, we should consider the work written as an “assistant tool for teachers,
secondary courses, educational technical schools” as a great contribution to Kazakh
educational science and ethno-pedagogy. This work of Zhusipbek is considered to
be a major innovation in the field of education in the Kazakh steppe at that time.
Because the author is the first to recommend using this book in accordance with the
daily and social conditions of Kazakhs , based on his experience and the network of
lessons he taught at the pedagogic school, as well as on the basis of the materials
published in Russian at that time about the program and complex.
“Soul system and art choice”
What we need to know from this book, published in 1926 , is that Zhusipbek very
skillfully used methods such as sociological research and questionnaires , which have
only recently become popular in public science of Kazakhstan. This book gives deep
importance to the combined teaching of psychology, pedagogy, and methodological
sciences. We should mention that this scientific research was highly appreciated in
its time and the value of the work is also necessary for today’s educational problem.
“Psychology”
It was published in 1926, the first book written in the Kazakh language in this field
of science. Even so, the burden of this book is heavy. When we get acquainted with
the author’s rich legacy, one thing that immediately stands out is his thorough and
deep knowledge of human psychology. The problem that he studied and raised in
psychology are problems that no one raised in the Kazakh soil.
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