4- сабақ БӨЖ. Scheme of Entamoeba histilytica.
Cysts and trophozoites are passed in feces (1). Cysts are typically found in formed stool, whereas trophozoites are typically found in diarrheal stool. Infection by Entamoeba histolytica occurs by ingestion of mature cysts (2) in fecally contaminated food, water, or hands. Excystation (3) occurs in the small intestine and trophozoites (4) are released, which migrate to the large intestine. The trophozoites multiply by binary fission and produce cysts (5), and both stages are passed in the feces (1). Because of the protection conferred by their walls, the cysts can survive days to weeks in the external environment and are responsible for transmission.
Trophozoites passed in the stool are rapidly destroyed once outside the body, and if ingested would not survive exposure to the gastric environment. In many cases, the trophozoites remain confined to the intestinal lumen (A: noninvasive infection) of individuals who are asymptomatic carriers, passing cysts in their stool. In some patients the trophozoites invade the intestinal mucosa (B: intestinal disease), or, through the bloodstream, extraintestinal sites such as the liver, brain, and lungs (C: extraintestinal disease), with resultant pathologic manifestations. It has been established that the invasive and noninvasive forms represent two separate species, respectively E. histolytica and E. dispar. These two species are morphologically indistinguishable unless E. histolytica is observed with ingested red blood cells (erythrophagocystosis). Transmission can also occur through exposure to fecal matter during sexual contact (in which case not only cysts, but also trophozoites could prove infective).
Терминдер. 1. Дизентерия – шигеллалар тудыратын, уыттану құбылыстарымен және тоқ ішек бөлігінің басым зақымдалуымен өтетін инфекциялық ауру.
Дизентерия – инфекционное заболевание, вызываемое шигеллами, протекающее с явлениями интоксикации и преимущественным поражением отдела толстой кишки.
Dysentery is an infectious disease caused by Shigella, which occurs with the phenomena of intoxication and a predominant lesion of the colon.
2. Вегетативті форма-протозоанның өмірлік циклінің белсенді көбею кезеңі.
Вегетативная форма является активной стадией размножения в жизненном цикле простейших.
The vegetative form is an active breeding stage of the life cycle of protozoa.
3. Эндозоит-белсенді түрде көбейетін жасушаішілік форма, бұл жасушалардың бұзылуына және жедел қабынуға әкеледі.
Эндозоит – активно размножающаяся внутриклеточная форма, вызывающая разрушение клеток и острое воспаление.
Endozoite is an actively multiplying intracellular form that causes cell destruction and acute inflammation.
4. Эктоплазма деп те аталады плазмагель-бұл жасуша цитоплазмасының сыртқы қабаты, оның ішкі қабатымен салыстырғанда тығыздығы жоғары.
Эктоплазма-также называемый плазмагель — это внешний слой цитоплазмы клетки, который имеет более высокую плотность по сравнению с ее внутренним слоем.
Ectoplasm-also called plasmagel — is the outer layer of the cell cytoplasm, which has a higher density compared to its inner layer.
5. Зооантропоноздар, антропозооноздар-жануарлар мен адамдарға ортақ инфекциялық және инвазиялық аурулар тобы.
Зооантропонозы, антропозоонозы – группа инфекционных и инвазионных болезней, общих у животных и человека.
Zooanthroponosis, anthropozoonosis – a group of infectious and parasitic diseases common to animals and humans.