The Verbal Category of Voice (Этиштин мамиле категориясы)

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Below is an attempt to interpret the Turkic voice as a way of modifying the substantive 
meaning of the verb (= of the displayed situation) by special affixes attached directly to the root 
(base) of the verb. In this case there is a complex transformation of the indicated semantic 
component of a lexical unit, and the structure of the situation is modified due to created value of 
the voice index, which interacts with the initial value of the lexical unit. This results in the 
change of the nature of relations between the participants of the situation, which is reflected on 
the syntactic level. However, it should be pointed out that a common semantic identity of the 
original and the modified lexical units is preserved here, as this change does not lead to the 
creation of a new concept of the reflected. Such a transformation is similar to the transformation 
within the modes of action of the verb, when specified, features of the same process are modified 
(process-component of the meaning of the lexical unit) in phase-temporal relation, while 
maintaining the semantics of the verb. 
A similar opinion about voice transformations in Turkology have been expressed by V. 
Guzev: [3, p. 53]. 
Theoretically speaking, we rely on the concept of the voice offered by G. Silnitsky [12, p. 
54] and D. Nasilov. Voice is defined “as a grammatical category which shows regular 
relationship between the elements of valency paradigms of verbal lexical units, correlating with 
regular changes of these lexical units. In other words, voice ranks fix regular correspondences 
between certain changes of verbal valency and certain semantic shifts in verb meaning” [12, p. 
54]. 
a) Main Voice (Active voice) (Негизги мамиле) 
Given the functional features of agglutinative languages and the status of grammatical 
categories in them, we exclude the original form of the verb (in traditional terminology it is “the 
main voice”) then we should talk about 4 voices with special affixes in Turkic languages. 
But before it should be taken into account two large semantic classes of verbs – “state” 
verbs and the verbs of “action”. The verbs of the first group, although various in shades of 
substantive meaning, are combined by general semantics: they always characterize “their own 
manifestations of the subject” as they are defined by V. Gak; therefore, they convey a simple 
situation. They have a common phase structure and always render only the medial phase of the 
process, thus from the point of view of aspect classification they belong to irregular verbs. The 
verbs of the second group render the meaning of “to give an object a certain property or impact it 
in such a way, which is motivated by a real value” and therefore they include a greater number of 
participants of the situation. Their phase structure is more complex, often three-part, it has an 
obligatory final phase, so they render a difficult situation, and in terms of aspect they belong to 
terminative verbs. Most of these verbs are classified as causative by G. Silnitskiy. In the 
following example the action occurs by subject without any intervention. 

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