STRATEGIES FOR CROSS-CULTURAl COMMUNICATION

STRATEGIES FOR CROSS-CULTURAl COMMUNICATION.

Munatayeva E.M.

To determine what skills you need to develop, reflect on past intercultural experiences (for people with limited experience abroad, think of experiences working and interacting with people and groups different from you). When do you become uncomfortable, rigid, or shut down? What mistakes have you made in the past? Commit yourself to continually developing the skills that will help you in similar situations in the future.

View your experiences with different cultures as a trajectory, rather than a string of individual experiences. Link the different experiences you have and you can link the personal development and learning that comes with them.

We live in an increasingly complex world. One element of this complexity is the mixing of different cultures, languages and faiths. Within the business world intercultural communication is vital for success. Effective communication between colleagues from different cultural backgrounds ensures a team is working harmoniously.

To work internationally today, an understanding of other cultures is essential. So is an ability to effectively communicate and work with people from these cultures. Without intercultural competence, the chances of landing and keeping a job internationally are slim to none.

Not to mention that we live in a constantly globalizing world and in a diverse country with a diverse population. Increasingly, these days, cultural competence is essential to work within the us. A decade ago, an understanding of computers was a highly marketable skill as business and computer technologies became highly interdependent. In the 2000s, it's not an understanding of computers (now commonplace), but an understanding of how to work with people from different backgrounds that is essential for most jobs today.

Job stability: you may still be able to land a job without demonstrating cultural competence for a small time in the future, but keeping it is another story. People who know about other cultures are more able and adept at working in today's world. People who know how to work across cultures can turn differences into opportunities and can find success in situations where others find only failure. They can communicate effectively, solve problems creatively, and keep an open mind when others shut down. This means a job well done.

Social benefits: intercultural aware people are interesting. They engage in compelling conversations in a wider variety of settings, take advantage of opportunities that others shy away from, and think with an adventurous and open mindset that enriches their lives and life experiences. They have interesting things to say and can express themselves well.

Ongoing rewards: Intercultural awareness is an enriching lifestyle and mindset, not an obligation or one-time training. It adds colors to your life, opens doors of opportunity, and leads to extensive, dynamic growth.

Cross cultural communication is also carried out by means of languages. Cross cultural communication is not the sole reserve of the business world. In fact, all of us in one form or another come across situations that require some kind of cross cultural communication and understanding.

One such situation is when communicating with foreigners. We all encounter people at work, on holiday or elsewhere who do not share the same language as us. Although we consider language the main means of communicating, language only represents 7% of what we communicate. There are many ways of overcoming the language barrier to allow for some cross cultural communication. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cross cultural communication skills:

Slow Down: Even when English is the common language in a cross cultural situation, this does not mean you should speak at normal speed. Slow down, speak clearly and ensure your pronunciation is intelligible.

Separate Questions: try not to ask double questions such as, "Do you want to carry on or shall we stop here?" In a cross cultural situation only the first or second question may have been comprehended. Let your listener answer one question at a time.

Avoid Negative Questions: many cross cultural communication misunderstandings have been caused by the use of negative questions and answers. In English we answer 'yes' if the answer is affirmative and 'no' if it is negative. In other cultures a 'yes' or 'no' may only be indicating whether the questioner is right or wrong. For example, the response to "Are you not coming?" may be 'yes', meaning 'Yes, I am not coming.'

Take Turns: cross cultural communication is enhanced through taking turns to talk, making a point and then listening to the response.

Write it Down: if you are unsure whether something has been understood write it down and check. This can be useful when using large figures. For example, a billion in the USA is 1,000,000,000 while in the UK it is 1,000,000,000,000.

Be Supportive: effective cross cultural communication is in essence about being comfortable. Giving encouragement to those with weak English gives them confidence, support and a trust in you.

Check Meanings: when communicating across cultures never assume the other party has understood. Be an active listener. Summarize what has been said in order to verify it. This is a very effective way of ensuring accurate cross cultural communication has taken place.

Avoid Slang: Even the most well educated foreigner will not have a complete knowledge of slang, idioms and sayings. The danger is that the words will be understood but the meaning missed.

Watch the humor: In many cultures business is taken very seriously. Professionalism and protocol are constantly observed. Many cultures will not appreciate the use of humor and jokes in the business context. When using humor think whether it will be understood in the other culture. For example, British sarcasm usually has a negative effect abroad. Maintain Etiquette.

Many cultures have certain etiquette when communicating. It is always a good idea to undertake some cross cultural awareness training or at least do some research on the target culture. Cross cultural communication is about dealing with people from other cultures in a way that minimizes misunderstandings and maximizes your potential to create strong cross cultural relationships. The above tips should be seen as a starting point to greater cross cultural awareness.

Thus, the theories of cross-cultural communication developed by the researchers have been applied to many fields. In this study certain strategies for interacting with people from different cultures have been investigated. Within the business world intercultural communication is vital for success that’s why some important skills improving communication abilities, social benefits, job opportunities and job stability were defined. Cross cultural communication is also carried out by means of languages. Some elementary tips to improve cross cultural communication skills have been characterized.
Literature:

1. 
   The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies ...Andrew Sears,Julie A. Jacko. 2007
   
2. 
   Cross-Cultural Communication: Perspectives in Theory and Practice Thomas L. Warren. 2006
   
3. 
   Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 191-208. INDEX TERMS. Primary Classification: ...
   
4. 
   An Introductory Guide to Intercultural Books Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2003. Gudykunst, ed. Theorizing About Intercultural Communication. ...
   

It is known that oral, verbal communication may have a monologue and dialogue form. There are two types of speech: dialogic and monologue. One of the main forms of speech communication is dialogic speech.

Dialogues are intended to be a representative of actual speech encounters in the real world. Ideally they are effective means of practicing different things, such as direct speech, intonation, audio skills, listening comprehension, oral communication, grammar and everyday phrases.

The development of dialogic speech in studied foreign language is one of the most pressing problems of modern pedagogy. A number of researches, articles and tutorials have appeared lately.

And nevertheless, this problem requires further methodological resolution because modern requirements for dialogic speech to teach students to carry on a conversation in studied foreign language and not always fully implemented.

This situation requires a more rational search for new methods of teaching dialogic speech, in which the desired practical results achieved would be the shortest way, with a minimum expenditure of time and effort, and the learning process would be feasible, interesting and fun for students.
Dialogue plays an important and decisive role in the English class. Speaking is one of the most important language skills. It teaches students:

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  to put questions of different types;
  
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  to answer questions logically consistent;
  
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  to use a variety of replicas to respond in learning communication;
  
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  to use different introductory structure and clichéd expression;
  
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  to learn to interact with the students.
  

Dialogue helps at the English lessons:

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  the development of speech and thinking;
  
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  the disclosure of intellectual abilities;
  
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  the absorption of a large number of ideas and ways of solving problems;
  
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  gives the opportunity for self-actualization.
  

Situation is the totality of the circumstances, conditions creating those or other relationship, situation or position facilitates communication, promotes economy of language means.

By teaching students of dialogic speech are solved the following main tasks:

Firstly, give the notion of dialogue in all its diversity, in its natural form, so that the children made sure that question-answer form is the only private, although the most common case of dialogic communication.

Secondly, teach children the necessary replicas, to train them to the level of automaticity in the use of a particular situation.

Thirdly, teach students to share these replicas in appropriate situations, i.e., to teach them to conduct proper dialogue.

English dialogues can be used in a wide variety of situations for learners. Use the dialogues provided as a role plays to introduce new tenses, structures and language functions. Once students become familiar with a form through the use of a dialogue, they can use this as a model to practice, write and expand on their own.

Using dialogues to help students develop their conversation skills is common practice in most English classes.

Dialogues can be used in many ways in a classroom. Here are a few suggestions for using dialogues in the classroom:

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  To introduce new vocabulary and help students become familiar with standard formulas used when discussing various topics;
  
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  As gap fill exercises for students as a listening exercise;
  
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  Use dialogues for role-plays;
  
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  Have students write dialogues to test key vocabulary and language formulas;
  
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  Have students memorize simple dialogues as a way of helping them improve their vocabulary skills;
  
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  Ask students to finish a dialogue;
  
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  Introduce dialogues as gap fill dictation exercises.
  

Role-playing game is a kind of training technique in which the student must speak freely within the given circumstances, acting as one of participants in foreign language communication.

Compulsory element of games is the resolution of the problem situation.

Role-playing game, based on the solution of a problem, provides maximum activization of communicative activities of students.

Each student is a unique creature, a person who obtains different set of talents, intelligences, and way of learning. It’s possible to find out seven intelligences. They are:

1. 
   Verbal/linguistic.
   

2. 
   Musical/ rhythmic.
   

3. 
   Logical/Mathematical.
   

4. 
   Interpersonal.
   

5. 
   Visual/Spatial.
   

6. 
   Intrapersonal.
   

7. 
   Body/Kinesthetic.
   

Here are some examples of creative activities for elementary level students:

1. 
   For Logical Intelligences there is the following type of work as Composition from Key Words.
   

1. 
   Construct an acceptable dialogue from the key words provided below working from sentence to sentence.
   
2. 
   Supply any and all forms necessary to make the sentences grammatically and meaningfully correct.
   
3. 
   You may include other key words as you proceed.
   
4. 
   Practice and work it out.
   

Man: three blocs / small / here / ice-cream parlor / here

Nick: how / here / there /get /1

Man: then / one block / two blocks / go / tum / straight ahead / left / go / for / further

Nick: open / you / still / it / know

Man: 10 o'clock / close / doesn't / before

2. 
   Possible exercise for Verbal/Linguistic students is Selection of Alternatives.
   

I think that spent effort and time will lead to the desired result.

1. 
   Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
   
2. 
   “How to Use Dialogues in Class”, Kenneth Beare.
   
3. 
   
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