Narxoz Student Research-2021
It assumes a value of 1 for individuals with low self-esteem but no
chronic illness, and 0 for all others. It is assumed that if an individual
considers his or her health to be poor and still has a chronic disease, he
or she is more likely to support taboos than an individual with a low
health assessment but no chronic disease.
6. Education
(educ_h, educ_ prof, educ_med)
. Many works mention
that more educated people in developed countries are more aware of
the dangers of second-hand smoke and smoke less (Park, Kang, 2008;
Siahpush et al., 2005). In Kazakhstan, too, they are expected to advocate
the prohibition of smoking in public places. The
educ_h
variable
takes value 1 if the individual has higher (including incomplete) and
postgraduate education, and 0 otherwise;
educ_ prof
takes value 1 if
the individual has primary or secondary vocational education, and 0
diff erently;
educ_med
takes value 1 if the individual has secondary
education, and 0 diff erently. Individuals with primary education were
selected by a reference group.
7. Understanding the harm of smoking (
factor
). The World Health
Organization emphasizes the role of smoking awareness in shaping
attitudes towards smoking and anti-tobacco policies (РКБТ, 2003). The
factor variable takes the value 1 if the individual names smoking among
these three factors, and 0 if he does not.
8. Smoking parents (
smoke_ parents
). If an individual’s family
member smoked when he/she was 14, this variable takes the value 1,
and 0 if he had no smoking relatives.
This study examines what factors infl uence individuals’ attitudes
towards smoking bans in six public spaces by introducing the following
dependent
variables:
hosp
- 1 if the individual supports the ban on smoking in hospitals
and/or chose the answer «everywhere», 0 if not;
vuz
- 1, if an individual supports a ban on smoking in higher education
and/or chose the answer «everywhere», 0 - if not;
work
- 1, if an individual supports a ban on smoking in the workplace
and/or chose the answer «everywhere», 0 - if not;
buil
- 1, if the individual supports the ban on smoking in sports
facilities and/or chose the answer «everywhere», 0 - if not;
rest
- 1, if the individual supports the ban on smoking in restaurants
and cafes and/or chose the answer «everywhere», 0 - if not;
pub
- 1, if an individual supports a ban on smoking in clubs and bars
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