Современное общество в условиях социально-экономической неопределенности

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Gender stereotype is one of the types of social stereotypes, which is 
based on the idea of the characteristics and behavior of representatives of 
different genders, accepted in a certain socio-cultural society at a certain 
historical stage of its development. Gender stereotypes are closely related 
to gender roles that exist in a given society at this stage of development. 
Gender stereotypes differ in different historical periods of society and in 
different cultures. Three groups of gender stereotypes can be distinguished: 
masculinity/femininity, consolidation of family and professional roles in 
accordance with gender, differences in the content of labor. 
Researchers, analyzing the nature of gender relations, consider such 
categories as gender stereotypes, gender perceptions, gender attitudes that 
determine the behavior of men and women as subjects of relationships 
[3]. In social, intergroup and interpersonal relations that include a gender 
component, gender norms play a significant role in the regulation of the 
behavior of men and women. 
Gender norms are the standards of behavior for men and women as 
members of society, as well as representatives of different social groups. 
Gender norms can vary across sociocultural societies. Mastering gender 
norms does not differ from the process of mastering other norms of society 
and includes both rational awareness of norms and the internalization of 
normative standards. This is the process of transforming externally given 
social requirements into an internal norm of behavior. Since childhood, we 
remember the words of our elders: girls don’t do that, a girl should be modest, 
be able to wash, sew, cook. The boy is the defender of the country, of the 
weak, the main in the house. 
Gender stereotypes, formed at the dawn of primitive society, proceeded, 
first of all, from the biological functions of men and women of different sexes: 
a woman, given to her from above, has the ability to reproduce offspring, and 
therefore, preserve and procreate, take care of the family and home. A man 
has other functions: a breadwinner, a guard, a protector. For a long time 
gender stereotypes were built on this division of functions, and both sides 
had a consensus. The man had a leading role in relation to the woman, 
respectively, the woman played a subordinate role in these relationships. 
Gender determinants of behavior were based on the same principle. Since 
society developed evolutionarily, until a certain time the determinants of 
gender behavior remained traditional or evolved along with changes in 
society. 
The formation of gender stereotypes is influenced not only by society, 
but also by the family as a small group. If the father is the “breadwinner” 
in the family, and the mother plays the role of “the keeper of the hearth,” 

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then most likely the same gender norms of behavior will be formed in 
children. W. Lippmann considered stereotyping as one of the main ways 
of human cognition of the infinite diversity of the world, [2] the formation 
in the mind of a stable picture of the world, in accordance with which a 
person lives, acts, forms stable group values. The coincidence of the existing 
picture of the world with what is happening or the threat of violation of this 
picture cause various reactions. Under conditions of uncertainty, the general 
picture of the world is destroyed, and self-identification is lost. R. Norton 
identified eight categories of uncertainty: fragmentation; unstructuredness; 
lac» of information; probability; plurality of judgments; inconsistency and 
inconsistency; doubt; incomprehensibility [1]. 
In conditions of uncertainty, personality destructiveness occurs: gender 
non-conformity (gender variability), gender identity disorder, gender 
dysphoria. And, the longer the period of uncertainty lasts, the greater the 
destruction this process causes in society: decadence, anomie, negative social 
processes. In response to various social risks of uncertainty, the traditional 
norms of male and female behavior are replaced by norms of an egalitarian 
type: the role behavior of men and women is not opposed, but evolves 
depending on individual preferences. An increasing number of men and 
women in gender relations are choosing a partner model of behavior. 

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