Маслова А. М., Вайнштейн И., Плебейская ji. С

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Английския язык для студентов-медиков

меня есть
Continuous
an article

It J
We

It
We

it? we?

You

■were

You

were not

Were

you?

They

They

they?

I shall be

I shall not be

Shall I be?

You

You

you

i

He She

will be

He She

will not be

Will

he she

■ be?

£

It

It

it

We shall be

We shall not be

Shall we be?

You 1 They J

will be

You They

will not be

Will

1

you they.

be?

Примечание. Для образования кратких ответов повторяется тот глагол, с которого начинается общий вопрос:
"Are you a student?" "Yes, I am." "No, I am not." "Are they teachers?" "No, they are not (aren't [a:nt])." "Is it a pen?" "Yes, it is." "No, it is not (isn't [iznt])."

"Was your brother a soldier?" "Yes, he was." "No, he was not (wasn't [waznt])." "Were you students last year?" "Yes, we were." "No, we were not (weren't [wa:nt])." "Shall I be a teacher?" "Yes, 1 shall." "No, I shall not (shan't [fetnt])." "Will he be a doctor?" "Yes, he will." "No, he will not (won't [wount])."
Урок 26,1
Случаи употребления глагола to be
Таблица 13

Употребление глагола to be	Значение	Примеры
to be + существ, с предлогом. to be + существ, без предлога to be + ing-form to be -ь III форма глагола to be + инфинитив	смысловой глагол находиться глагол-связка являться вспомогательный глагол для образования времен группы Continuous вспомогательный глагол для образования страдательного залога модальное значение; действие по заранее намеченному плану или значение долженствования	The surgeon is in the clinic. My friend is a surgeon. The surgeon is performing an operation. The patient is operated on. The surgeon is to operate on this patient.

Урок 1, IX
Спряжение глагола to have (Indefinite Tenses)
Таблица 14

	Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
Present	I have a book. He has a book. She has a book. It has coloured pictures. We have a book. You have a book. They have a book.	I have no book. He has no book. She has no book It has no coloured pictures. We have no book. You have no book. They have no book.	Have I a book? Has he a book? Has she a book? Has it coloured pic tures? Have we a book? Have you a book? Have they a book?
1 CU,	I had a book. He had a book. She had a book. It had coloured pictures. We had a book. You had a book. They had a book.	I had ио book. He had no book. She had no book. It had no coloured pictures. We had но book. You had no book. They had no book.	Had I a book? Had he a book? Had she a book? Had it coloured pictures? Had we a book? Had you a book? Had they a book?

Продолжение табл. 14

	Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
Future	I shall have a book. He will have a book. She «411 have a book. It «411 have coloured pictures. We shall have a book. You «411 have a book. They «411 have a book.	I shall have no book. He «411 have no book. She «411 have no book. It «411 have no coloured pictures. We shall have no book. You will have no book. They will have no book.	Shall I have a book? Will he have a book? Will she have a book? Will it have coloured pictures? Shall we have a book? Will you have a book? Will they have a book?

На русский язык предложение с глаголом to have переводится: I have а book. У меня есть книга (т.е. я имею книгу).
Краткий ответ на вопрос с глаголом to have:
"Have you a book?" "Yes, I have." "No I have not (haven't)."
"Has he a book?" "Yes, he has." "No, he has not (hasn't)."
"Had you a book?" "Yes, we had." "No, we had not (hadn't)."
Примечание. Если перед существительным стоят слова much, many, any, enough или числительпые, то с глаголом have употребляется отрицание not; например: We have not any lectures today.
Урок 26, II
Случаи употребления глагола to have
Таблица 15

Употребление глагола to have	Значение	Примеры
to have + существ. to have + III форма глагола to have + инфинитив глагола	смысловое иметь вспом. глагол для образования времен группы Perfect модальное (необходимость в силу определенных обстоятельств)	My friend has an atlas. He has proved his conclusions. We have to examine him.

Времена группы Indefinite Спряжение глаголов to work, to write

	Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
Present	1 work (write). Не works (writes). She works (writes). It works (writes). We work (write). You work (write). They work (write).	I do not work (write). He does not work (write). She does not work (write). It does not work (write). We do not work (write). You do not work (write). They do not work (write).	Do I work (write)? Does he work (write)? Does she work (write)? Does it work (write)? Do we work (write)? Do you work (write)? Do they work (write)?
1 о,	I worked (wrote). He worked (wrote). She worked (wrote). We worked (wrote). They worked (wrote).	I did not work (write). He did not work (write). She did not work (write). We did not work (write). They did not work (write).	Did I work (write)? Did he work (write)? Did she work (write)? Did we work (write)? Did they work (write)?
Future	I shall work (write). He will work (write). She will work (write). It will work (write). We shall work (write). You will work (write). They will work (write).	I shall not work (write). He will not work (write). She will not work (write). It will not work (write). We shall not work (write). You will not work (write). They will not work (write).	Shall I work (write)? Will he work (write)? Will she work (write)? Will it work (write)? Shall we work (write)? Will you work (write)? Will they work (write)?

Примечания: 1. глагольное окончание 3-го лица, единственного числа настоящего времени -(e)s читается:
а) после глухих согласных -[s]: helps [helps], speaks [spiks];
б) после звонких согласных и гласных -[z]: segs [si:z], means [mi:nz];
в) после шипящих и свистящих звуков -[iz]: dresses [dresiz], increases [in'kri:siz], watches [-watfiz]

окончание -ed читается:

а) после глухих согласных, шипящих и свистящих звуков -[t]: helped [helpt], watched [waujt], finished ['finift];
б) после звонких согласных и гласных -|d|: answ£ied ['a:nad], planned [plaend], stayed [steid];
в) после t и d -[id]: wanted ['wa:ntid], attended [э-tendid];

глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -у с предшествующей согласной меняют у на i в 3-ем лице единственного числа настоящего времени принимают окончание -es: study—studies, а в прошедшем времени принимают окончание -ed: studfesl.

Для образования кратких ответов повторяется тот же вспомогательный глагол, который есть в вопросе:
"Do you work?" "Yes, I do." "No, I do not (don't [dount])."
".Does he work?" "Yes, he does." "No, he does not (doesn't ['cUznt])."
"Did you work?" "Yes, I did." "No, I did not (didn't ['didnt])."
"Shall I work?" "Yes, I shall." "No, I shall not (shan't [faint])."
"Will he work?" "Yes, he will." "No, he will not (won't [wount])."
Глаголы во временах группы Indefinite обозначают действие обычное, которое происходит вообще, а не в момент речи.
С временами группы Indefinite часто употребляются следующие наречия: usually ['ju:3uali] обычно; always ('oilwaz] всегда; often [ofn] часто.
С Present Indefinite употребляются наречия: today [ta'dei] сегодня; this month (week, year) в этом месяце (на этой неделе, в этом году).
С Past Indefinite употребляются наречия: yesterday ['jestadi] вчера; last month (week, year) в прошлом месяце (на прошлой неделе, в прошлом году); a month ago (a week ago, a year ago) месяц назад (неделю, год назад).
С Future Indefinite употребляются наречия: tomorrow [ta'morou] завтра; next month (week, year в следующем месяце (на следующей неделе, в будущем году).
Обратите внимание на отсутствие предлога (в противоположность русскому языку) перед словами this, last, next в этих сочетаниях.
Урок 7, VII
Времена группы Continuous Active

Времена группы Continuous показывают, что действие продолжается в какой-то определенный момент настоящего, прошедшего или будущего времени:

I am writing an article now. Я пишу статью сейчас.

Времена группы Continuous образуются по общей формуле

to be + ing-form,
в которой глагол to be является вспомогательным и изменяется по временам, лицам и числам. Форма Present Participle смыслового глагола (ing- form) остается неизменной, например, инфинитив группы Continuous от глагола to read—to be reading.

Для образования Past и Future Continuous достаточно вспомогательный глагол to be поставить в прошедшем или будущем времени, оставив неизменной ing-form:

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