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chemical terms ending with
-ite
,
-ate
denote salts (
sulfate
,
sulfite
,
nitrite
), etc.
From the point of view of its structure a term may 1) consist of one
word or 2) be a word combination of one key-word and one or several
adjuncts specifying or modifying the meaning of the term. These terms
are wide spread and may cause difficulties while translating. Such
combinations may consist of two or more elements.
а.
A word combination consisting of two words.
The first element
may be translated into Russian in different ways:
1) by an adjective (
distribution shaft
–
распределительный вал
;
fuel cock
–
топливный кран
);
2) by a noun in the Genitive case (
isobutylene oxide
–
оксид
изобутилена
;
failure detection
–
обнаружение неисправностей
;
accumulator cell
–
элемент аккумулятора
;
land retirement
–
эрозия почвы
,
выдувание почвы
);
3) by a noun with a preposition (
split burner
–
горелка с
рассекателем
,
carbon cloth
–
ткань из углеродного волокна
);
4) by a compound (
development engineer
–
инженер-разработчик
;
electrical engineer
–
инженер-электрик
);
5) by a participial construction (
unbounded coating
–
многослойная
изоляция (трубопровода), состоящая из несвязанных между
собой слоѐв; designed experiment – эксперимент, проводимый
по заранее составленной программе
);
6) by other descriptive means (
squawk altimeter
–
высотомер,
показания которого выведены в ответчик
;
square engine
–
двигатель, в котором диаметр цилиндра равен ходу поршня
).
b.
A word combination consisting of several components.
Translating such kind of combinations it is necessary to stick to the
following succession of actions:
1) translate the dependent noun (the last word of the word-group);
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2) analyse the semantic relations between the members of the word-
combination and divide them into sense-groups (it should be analysed
from left to right);
3) translate the word-combination beginning with the dependent word
and then translate every sense group from right to left.
For instance,
car speed calculation problem
.
1. Translate the last word
problem
–
проблема
.
2. Divide the whole word-combination into sense-groups: 1)
car speed
;
2)
calculation problem
.
3. Translation:
проблема вычисления скорости автомобиля
.
Attributive combinations may begin with an adjective. In this case it is
necessary to determine which word it modifies (
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: