English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS
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пособие мед 2 (1) 2
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- Exercise 2. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations
- Exercise 3 . Match the following terms with their definitions
- Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to Grammar
- Exercise 5. Read the text and write out the key words: Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers
Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:
Exercise 2. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations: A lesion on the skin, gastric ulcers, lifestyle factors, to cause a duodenal ulcer, stomach acids, the primary cause, to weaken the stomach protective mucosa, damaging effect of acid, to be more susceptible, the healing process, to contribute to ulcer recurrence, to stimulate acid secretion in the stomach, to aggravate the pain, heavy alcohol consumption, to be vulnerable to the harmful effects of acid, a burning pain, between the breastbone and the navel, belching and nausea, to avoid spicy foods, to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach, to prevent ulcers from recurring Exercise 3. Match the following terms with their definitions:
Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to Grammar: Some lifestyle factors are thought to cause ulcers. Specific bacteria are considered to be the primary cause of gastric ulcers. Gastritis is known to be an inflammatory process in the stomach. Caffeine seems to aggravate the pain of an existing ulcer. Heavy alcohol consumption is likely to play a role in the development of stomach or duodenal ulcers. Smoking is known to slow the healing process of ulcers. Complications are likely to be caused by profuse bleeding. Some drugs proved to make the stomach vulnerable to the harmful effects of gastric acid. Emotional stress is no longer thought to be the primary cause of ulcers. Patients with duodenal ulcer were found to be too nervous. Exercise 5. Read the text and write out the key words: Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers An ulcer is an open sore, or lesion, usually found on the skin or mucous membrane areas of the body. When the ulcer is in the stomach, it is called a gastric (peptic) ulcer. When the ulcer is in the duodenum, it is called a duodenal ulcer. In the past lifestyle factors, such as stress and diet, were believed to cause ulcers. Later, researchers determined that stomach acids contributed to ulcer formation. Today, research shows that most ulcers (80 percent of gastric ulcers and 90 percent of duodenal ulcers) develop as a result of infection with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Although all three of these factors — lifestyle, stomach acid and H. pylori — are believed to play a role in ulcer development, H. pylori is considered to be the primary cause. Factors suspected of playing a role in the development of stomach or duodenal ulcers are Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria producing substances that weaken the stomach's protective mucosa and make it more susceptible to the damaging effects of acid and pepsin. Smoking. Smoking increases the chances of getting an ulcer, slows the healing process of existing ulcers, and contributes to ulcer recurrence. Caffeine. Caffeine seems to stimulate acid secretion in the stomach, which can aggravate the pain of an existing ulcer Alcohol. Ulcers are often linked to heavy alcohol consumption. Stress. Although emotional stress is no longer thought to be a cause of ulcers, people with ulcers often report that emotional stress increases ulcer pain. Acid and pepsin. The stomach's inability to defend itself against gastric acids - hydrochloric acid and pepsin - is believed to contribute to ulcer formation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs (such as aspirin, ibuprofen and others) make the stomach vulnerable to the harmful effects of acid and pepsin. The most common ulcer symptom is a gnawing or burning pain in the abdomen between the breastbone and the navel. The pain often occurs between meals and early in the morning. It may last from a few minutes to a few hours. Less common ulcer symptoms include belching, nausea, vomiting, bloody or dark tarry stools, poor appetite, loss of weight, malaise, and fatigue. People with ulcers may experience serious complications. The most common problems include bleeding, perforation, narrowing and obstruction of intestinal opening, peritonitis. Recommended treatment may include: Lifestyle changes. People with ulcers should avoid spicy, fatty, or acidic foods. Smoking has been shown to delay ulcer healing and has been linked to ulcer recurrence; therefore, people with ulcers should not smoke. Medications. Gastric and duodenal ulcers are treated with several types of medications to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. When treating H. pylori, these medications are often used in combination with antibiotics. Surgery. In most cases, anti-ulcer medicines heal ulcers quickly and effectively, and eradication of H. pylori prevents most ulcers from recurring. However, people who do not respond to medication or who develop complications may require surgery. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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