2- есеп.
Массасы m1=1г оттегінен және массасы m2=8г гелийден тұратын t = 27 температурадағы газ қоспасының U ішкі энергиясын анықта.
Шешуі.
Оттегі – екі атомды газ, t = 27 температурада айналмалы еркіндік дәрежелері қозбайды. Сондықтан оттегінің еркіндік дәреже саны i1=5. Гелий – бір атоды газ, еркіндік дәреже саны i2=3. Қоспаның ішкі энергиясы формулсымен есептейміз (4.1.37):
.
Ішкі энергияның өлшемділігін анықтаймыз :
Берелген шамалардың өлшемділігін БХЖ жазып, есептеу жүргіземіз :
.
3- есеп
Көлемі = оттегінің қысымы =200 кПа. Газ әуелі тұрақты қысымда = көлемге дейін қыздырылған, одан кейін тұрақты көлемде =500 кПа қысымға дейін қыздырылды. Процесстің графигін салыңыздар және :
1) газдың U ішкі энергиясының өзгерісін ;
2) А атқарған жұмысын; 3) Q газға берілген жылу мөлшерін анықтаңыздар
Шешуі.
Процестің графигін саламыз ( 1сурет). Графикте 1, 2, 3 нүктелерімен газдың параметрлері мен сипатталатын күйлері кескінделген
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
1- сурет
Газдың 1-күйінен 3-ге өткен кездегі U ішкі энергиясының өзгерісі
U= ∙ ΔT, формуласымен анықталады (1)
— көлем тұрақты кезіндегі мольдік жылу сыйымдылық ; m — газдың массасы; ΔT - және 3-күйлерге сәйкес температуралар айырмасы, яғни.
, болғандықтан (2)
Онда . (3)
және температураларды Менделеев— Клапейрон теңдеуінен өрнектейміз:
(4)
(4.4.2.4) өрнегін ескергенде (4.4.2.3) төмендегідей жазылады:
(5)
(5) ге шамалардың мәндерін қойып және оттегі екі атомдық газа, =5 ті ескеріп, есептеу жүргіземіз:
=3,25 МДж.
Газдың атқарған толық жұмысы А= , мұндағы — газдың 1—2 бөліктегі атқарған жұмысы; — ( 2—3) бөліктегі жұмыс.
1—2 аралықта қысым тұрақты (p=const). Бұл аралықтағы жұмыс формуласымен есептеледі. (2—3) аралықта газдың көлемі тұрақты болды, сондықтан (=0). Сонымен
A= .(4.4.2.6)
(6) формулаға физическалық шамалардың мәндерін қойып есептеу жүргізіп:
а=0,4 МДж.
шамасын аламыз.
Термодинамиканың бірінші бастамасына сәйкес Q газға берілген жылу мөлшері:
Q= =3,65 МДж.
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